習近平同美國總統拜登在利馬舉行會晤

當地時間11月16日下午，國家主席習近平在利馬同美國總統拜登舉行會晤。新華社記者 李學仁 攝

新華社利馬11月16日電（記者韓墨　楊依軍）當地時間11月16日下午，國家主席習近平在利馬同美國總統拜登舉行會晤。

習近平指出，過去4年，中美關係雖然歷經跌宕起伏，但也開展了對話和合作，總體實現了穩定。我們指導雙方團隊通過磋商確定了中美關係的一些指導原則，共同推動兩國對話和合作重回正軌，恢復和新建了20多個溝通機制，在外交、安全、經貿、財政、金融、軍隊、禁毒、執法、農業、氣候變化、人文等領域取得了積極成果。

過去4年的經驗值得總結、啟示需要記取，我認為至少有以下幾條。

一是要有正確的戰略認知。“修昔底德陷阱”不是歷史的宿命，“新冷戰”打不得也打不贏，對華遏制不明智、不可取，更不會得逞。

二是要言必信、行必果。人無信不立。中方都是説到做到，但如果美方總是説一套、做一套，對美國的形象很不利，也損害雙方互信。

三是要平等相待。中美兩個大國交往，任何一方都不能按照自己的意願改造對方，也不能從所謂“實力地位”出發壓制對方，更不能為保持本國的領先地位而剝奪對方正當發展權利。

四是不能挑戰紅線、底線。中美是兩個大國，難免有些矛盾分歧，但不能損害彼此核心利益，更不能搞衝突對抗。一個中國原則和中美三個聯合公報是雙邊關係的政治基礎，必須恪守。台灣問題、民主人權、道路制度、發展權利是中方的4條紅線，不容挑戰。這些是中美關係最重要的防護欄和安全網。

五是要多搞對話和合作。在當前形勢下，中美兩國共同利益不是減少了，而是更多了。不管是在經貿、農業、禁毒、執法、公共衛生等領域，還是面對氣候變化、人工智慧等全球性挑戰，以及在國際熱點問題上，都需要中美合作。中美雙方應該拉長合作清單，做大合作蛋糕，實現合作共贏。

六是要回應人民期待。發展中美關係應該始終著眼兩國人民福祉，匯聚兩國人民力量。中美雙方要為兩國人員往來和人文交流架橋鋪路，也要排除干擾和障礙，不要人為製造“寒蟬效應”。

七是要展現大國擔當。中美兩國應該時刻考量人類前途命運，為世界和平擔當，為全球提供公共産品，為世界團結發揮積極作用，包括開展良性互動、不搞相互消耗、不脅迫別國選邊站隊。

習近平強調，中美關係的發展歷程，印證了中美建交45年來的經驗和啟示。如果兩國做夥伴，求同存異，中美關係就能夠取得長足發展。如果把對方當對手，惡性競爭，中美關係就會遭遇波折甚至倒退。當今世界動蕩不安、衝突頻發，人類面臨前所未有的挑戰。大國競爭不應是時代底色，團結協作才能共克時艱。“脫鉤斷鏈”不是解決之道，互利合作才能共同發展。“小院高墻”不是大國作為，開放共用才能造福人類。中美關係穩定發展既關乎兩國人民，也關乎人類前途命運。中美要繼續探尋兩個大國正確相處之道，實現中美兩國在這個星球上長期和平共存，多為世界注入確定性、提供正能量。

習近平強調，中方致力於中美關係穩定、健康、可持續發展的目標沒有變，按照相互尊重、和平共處、合作共贏處理中美關係的原則沒有變，堅定維護自身主權、安全、發展利益的立場沒有變，賡續中美人民傳統友誼的願望沒有變。中方願同美方繼續保持對話、拓展合作、管控分歧，延續中美關係來之不易的企穩勢頭。

習近平就台灣、經貿科技、網路安全、南海、烏克蘭危機和朝鮮半島等問題闡明中方立場。

習近平強調，“台獨”分裂行徑同臺海和平穩定水火不容。美方想要維護臺海和平，關鍵是要認清賴清德和民進黨當局的“台獨”本性，慎之又慎處理台灣問題，明確反對“台獨”，支援中國和平統一。

中國人民的發展權利不可剝奪、不容無視。各國都有維護國家安全的需要，不能泛化國家安全概念，更不能以此為藉口對別國惡意設限打壓。

所謂中國實施網路攻擊，既沒有證據，也沒有道理。中方本身是國際網路攻擊的受害者，一貫反對並打擊任何形式的網路攻擊。

中方堅決維護南海領土主權和海洋權益。當事方對話協商始終是管控南海爭議的最佳方式。美國不應介入有關南沙島礁的雙邊爭議，不應縱容和支援挑釁衝動。

中方在烏克蘭問題上的立場和作為始終光明磊落，就是穿梭斡旋、勸和促談，為和平而奔走，為推動局勢降溫而努力。中方不會允許朝鮮半島生戰生亂，不會坐視中國的戰略安全和核心利益受到威脅。

當地時間11月16日下午，國家主席習近平在利馬同美國總統拜登舉行會晤。新華社記者 丁林 攝

拜登表示，美中關係作為世界上最重要的雙邊關係，不僅事關兩國人民，也事關世界的未來。確保美中競爭不演變為衝突，這是美中兩國政府對於兩國人民和世界肩負的責任。過去4年，美中雙方共同努力恢復和新建了一些對話和溝通渠道，包括雙方外交和安全團隊保持經常性戰略溝通，開展坦誠深入對話，為增進雙方相互了解發揮有益作用。特別是我們一年前在舊金山會晤以來，雙方在軍事、禁毒、執法、人工智慧、氣候變化、人文交流等方面取得實實在在的成果。美中雙方相互支援對方主辦2026年亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議和二十國集團領導人峰會，展示了美中合作可以給人民帶來的福祉。美國不尋求“新冷戰”，不尋求改變中國體制，不尋求通過強化同盟關係反對中國，不支援“台灣獨立”，不尋求同中國發生衝突，不會利用台灣問題同中國競爭。美方也將繼續奉行一個中國政策。美方願在過渡期同中方加強溝通對話，增進彼此相互認知，負責任地管控分歧。

兩國元首重申雙方就中美關係指導原則達成的7點共識，即相互尊重、和平共處、保持溝通、防止衝突、恪守《聯合國憲章》、在有共同利益的領域開展合作、負責任管控雙邊關係中的競爭因素。雙方願秉持這些原則，繼續穩定中美關係，實現平穩過渡。

兩國元首積極評價中美戰略溝通、外交安全團隊經常性接觸、兩軍、經貿、金融等領域對話機制的重要作用，同意繼續保持溝通勢頭，加強宏觀經濟政策協調。兩國元首回顧了舊金山會晤以來禁毒、氣候變化、人工智慧、人文交流等領域對話合作取得的積極進展。

兩國元首認為，雙方就人工智慧治理進行了坦誠和建設性對話，在聯合國大會相互聯署各自關於人工智慧的決議，確認有必要加強國際合作，促進人工智慧向善普惠，應維持由人類控制核武器使用的決定。

兩國元首都認為，這次會晤坦誠深入，是建設性的，願繼續保持溝通聯繫。

蔡奇、王毅等參加會見。

Xi meets Biden in Lima

Chinese President Xi Jinping meets with U.S. President Joe Biden in Lima, Peru, Nov. 16, 2024. (Xinhua/Li Xueren)

LIMA, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping on Saturday met with U.S. President Joe Biden on the sidelines of the 31st APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Lima, Peru.

Xi told Biden that over the past four years, China-U.S. relations have gone through ups and downs, but the two sides have also been engaged in dialogue and cooperation, adding the relationship has remained stable on the whole.

Under the stewardship of the two presidents, the two teams have worked out through consultations a number of guiding principles for China-U.S. relations, and the two presidents have jointly brought China-U.S. dialogue and cooperation back on track, Xi said.

More than 20 communication mechanisms have been restarted or established, and positive achievements have been made in such areas as diplomacy, security, economy, trade, fiscal affairs, finance, military, counternarcotics, law enforcement, agriculture, climate change, and people-to-people exchange, he said.

Xi stressed that it is worthwhile to review the experiences of the past four years and draw inspirations from them. He listed the following:

First, it is important to have a correct strategic perception. The Thucydides Trap is not a historical inevitability. A new Cold War should not be fought and cannot be won. Containing China is unwise, unacceptable and bound to fail.

Second, it is important to match words with actions. A man cannot establish himself without credibility. China has always honored its words. If the U.S. side always says one thing but does another, it will be detrimental to its own image, and undermine trust between China and the United States.

Third, it is important to treat each other as equals. As two major countries, neither China nor the United States should seek to remodel the other according to one's own will, suppress the other from the so-called "position of strength," or deprive the other of the legitimate right to development so as to maintain its leading status.

Fourth, it is important not to challenge red lines and paramount principles. Contradictions and differences between two major countries like China and the United States are unavoidable. But one side should not undermine the core interests of the other, let alone seek conflict or confrontation. The one-China principle and the three China-U.S. joint communiques are the political foundation of China-U.S. relations. They must be observed. The Taiwan question, democracy and human rights, China's path and system, and China's development right are four red lines for China. They must not be challenged. These are the most important guardrails and safety nets for China-U.S. relations.

Fifth, it is important to conduct more dialogue and cooperation. Under the current circumstances, common interests between China and the United States are expanding rather than shrinking. Their cooperation is crucial not only for the economy, trade, agriculture, counternarcotics, law enforcement and public health, but also for handling global challenges of climate change and artificial intelligence (AI) as well as addressing international hotspot issues. The two sides should expand the list of cooperation and make a bigger pie of cooperation to achieve a win-win result.

Sixth, it is important to respond to the expectations of the people. China-U.S. relations should always advance the well-being of the two peoples and bring them closer together. To facilitate personnel and cultural exchange, the two sides need to build bridges and roads, remove distractions and obstacles, and refrain from making any moves that have a chilling effect.

Seventh, it is important to step forward to shoulder the responsibilities of major countries. China and the United States should always keep in mind humanity's future and their responsibilities for world peace, provide public good for the world, and act in a way conducive to global unity, including carrying out constructive interactions, refraining from mutual attrition, and not coercing other countries into taking sides.

Noting that the trajectory of China-U.S. relations has proved the validity of these experiences and inspirations from the past 45 years of diplomatic ties, Xi said when the two countries treat each other as partners and seek common ground while shelving differences, their relationship will make considerable progress.

But if they regard each other as rivals and pursue vicious competition, they will roil the relationship or even set it back, Xi warned.

Noting that humanity is faced with unprecedented challenges in this turbulent world suffering from frequent conflicts, Xi said major-country competition should not be the underlying logic of the times; only solidarity and cooperation can help humanity overcome current difficulties.

He said neither decoupling nor supply-chain disruption is the solution; common development can only be achieved through mutually beneficial cooperation.

He also said "small yard, high fences" is not what a major country should do; only openness and sharing can advance the well-being of humanity.

A stable China-U.S. relationship is critical not only to the interests of the two peoples, but also to the future and destiny of the entire humanity, Xi said, adding China and the United States should keep exploring the right way for two major countries to get along well with each other, realize long-term, peaceful coexistence on this planet, and inject more certainty and positive energy into the world.

Xi stressed that China's goal of a stable, healthy and sustainable China-U.S. relationship remains unchanged; its commitment to mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation as principles for handling China-U.S. relations remains unchanged; its position of resolutely safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests remains unchanged; and its desire to carry forward the traditional friendship between the Chinese and American peoples remains unchanged.

China is ready to engage in dialogue, expand cooperation, and manage differences with the United States so as to sustain the hard-won momentum toward stability in China-U.S. relations, he said.

Xi also stated China's positions on such issues as Taiwan, economic and trade ties, science and technology, cybersecurity, the South China Sea, the Ukraine crisis, and the Korean Peninsula.

He stressed that cross-Strait peace and stability and "Taiwan independence" separatist activities are as irreconcilable as water and fire. If the U.S. side cares about maintaining peace across the Taiwan Strait, it is crucial that it sees clearly the true nature of Lai Ching-te and the Democratic Progressive Party authorities in seeking "Taiwan independence," handles the Taiwan question with extra prudence, unequivocally opposes "Taiwan independence," and supports China's peaceful reunification, said Xi.

The Chinese people's right to development is not to be deprived of or ignored, Xi noted, saying that while all countries need to safeguard their national security, they should not overstretch the national security concept, still less use it as a pretext for malicious moves to constrain and contain other countries.

There is no evidence that supports the irrational claim of the so-called "cyberattacks from China," said Xi, stressing that China itself is a target of international cyberattacks, and consistently opposes and combats all forms of cyberattacks.

China firmly upholds its territory, sovereignty, and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea, said Xi. Dialogue and consultation between the states concerned is always the best way to manage differences in the South China Sea, and the United States should not get involved in bilateral disputes over the relevant islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao, nor should it aid or abet the impulsion to make provocations, he added.

Xi stressed that China's position and actions on the Ukraine issue have always been fair and square. China conducts shuttle diplomacy and mediation to promote peace talks, makes every effort for peace, and strives for de-escalation.

China does not allow conflict and turmoil to happen on the Korean Peninsula, he said, noting the country will not sit idly by when its strategic security and core interests are under threat.

For his part, Biden stated that the U.S.-China relationship is the most important bilateral relationship in the world, not just for the two peoples, but also for the future of the world. The two governments have a responsibility to the two peoples and the world to see that competition does not veer into conflict.

In the past four years, the two sides worked together to rebuild or establish channels of communication, as the two diplomatic and security teams have often had strategic communications and candid and in-depth dialogue, which helped the two sides to better understand each other, he said.

Particularly since his meeting with Xi in San Francisco a year ago, the two sides have made tangible progress on mil-to-mil relations, counternarcotics, law enforcement, AI, climate change and people-to-people exchange, said Biden.

The two sides support each other's bid for hosting the APEC and G20 meetings respectively in 2026, demonstrating what we can do for the two peoples when we work together, he said.

The United States does not seek a new Cold War, does not seek to change China's system, does not seek to revitalize its alliances against China, does not support "Taiwan independence," has no intention to have a conflict with China, and does not see its Taiwan policy as a way to compete with China, said Biden, noting that the U.S. side will stay committed to the one-China policy.

The United States is prepared to enhance communication and dialogue with China during the transition period to have a better perception of each other and responsibly manage the differences, said Biden.

The two presidents reiterated the seven-point common understandings on the guiding principles for China-U.S. relations, namely treating each other with respect, finding a way to live alongside each other peacefully, maintaining open lines of communication, preventing conflict, upholding the United Nations Charter, cooperating in areas of shared interest, and responsibly managing competitive aspects of the relationship.

The two sides expressed readiness to uphold these principles, continue to stabilize China-U.S. relations, and ensure a smooth transition of the relationship.

The two heads of state spoke positively about the important role of China-U.S. strategic communication, regular contact between the diplomatic and security teams, and dialogue mechanisms on mil-to-mil relations, economic and trade ties, and financial issues. They agreed to maintain the momentum in communication and strengthen macroeconomic policy coordination.

The two presidents reviewed the important progress in dialogue and cooperation on counternarcotics, climate change, AI, and people-to-people exchanges since their San Francisco meeting.

The two presidents believed that the two sides have had candid and constructive dialogue on AI. The two sides co-sponsored each other's resolutions at the UN General Assembly on AI. They also affirmed the need to enhance international cooperation and promote AI for good and for all. They stressed the need to maintain human control over the decision to use nuclear weapons.

The two heads of state agreed that their meeting had been candid, profound, and constructive, expressing their willingness to stay in contact. ■

Chinese President Xi Jinping meets with U.S. President Joe Biden in Lima, Peru, Nov. 16, 2024. (Xinhua/Ding Lin)