青田縣，地處浙江南部波狀丘陵地帶，以青田石雕著稱。青田石雕以高品質的葉臘石、硬度適合雕刻的硅酸鹽為材料，根據色彩、原料、圖案不同，有著超過100種石雕品種。

The county of Qingtian, in the rolling hills of southern Zhejiang province, is famous for the stone carving crafts that are made of high-quality pyrophyllite, a type of silicate with the perfect hardness for carving and sculptures that comes in more than 100 varieties, depending on color, source, and pattern.

　　最好的青田石（青田縣儲量豐富的葉臘石）有著透明的、水母般的紋理。當它用來雕刻人像，連頭髮絲都能描繪得清晰可見；當它用來製作印章、圖章，雕刻工具可非常流暢地在表面劃過，即使用了很久，上面雕刻的印記也不會模糊。

The best type of Qingtian stone (the pyrophyllite found in large amounts in the county) has a translucent, jelly-like texture. When it’s used to represent human figures, even the hair can be delineated clearly and when used to make seals or signets with Chinese characters, the carver’s tool can move very smoothly across the surface and the edges of the characters do not change even after long use.

　　沒有人知道青田石是上面時候開始被用來雕刻的，但是浙江博物館正在展示的被雕刻在青田石上的四隻小豬表明這件雕刻作品至少追溯到六朝時期（222-589），因此，青田石雕至少有1500年的歷史，並且多年來，雕刻工藝已經得到了提高。

No one knows when the Qingtian stone was first used for carving, but a set of four baby pigs carved from the stone that are on display in the Zhejiang Museum indicate that the carving craft dates back at least to the Six Dynasties period (222-589), so the art form is at least 1,500 years old, and the craftsmanship has improved over the years.

　　唐代（618-904），雕刻者豐富雕刻主題、發明新的雕刻技術。宋代（960-1279），他們參考翡翠雕刻技術強調每個青田石的特色，同時開始用極其精密的技術展現層次感。元代（1271-1368）、明代（1368-1644）時期，青田石雕深受學者歡迎，到清代（1644-1912），青田石雕常常被選為貴族的貢品。

By the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the carvers were expanding their motifs and inventing new techniques. During the Song Dynasty (960-1279) they borrowed jade carving techniques to highlight the characteristics of each individual stone and began to create tiered pieces with extreme subtlety. During the Yuan (1271-1368) and Ming (1368-1644) dynasties, Qingtian stone items became popular with scholars and, in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), the carvings were chosen for royal tributes.

　　1949年中華人民共和國成立之後，青田石雕持續地發展，大部分的産品雕刻主題為風景、花鳥、人像等這樣符合中國審美的傳統主題。近幾年，許多富有天賦的手工藝人涌現，他們的作品使青田石雕更加豐富與飽滿。

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the craft developed steadily, with traditional themes, including landscapes, flowers, birds, and human figures which fit Chinese aesthetics, continuing to be the majority of the products. And many talented craftsmen have emerged in recent years and their brilliant works enriched the Qingtian stone carvings.

　　2006年，青田石雕被列入國家級非物質文化遺産名錄，同時已經發展為價值數百萬的産業，有從業者23000名，客戶分佈40個不同國家和地區。

Then in 2006, the craft was added to the list of national cultural heritage and it has grown into a multi-million-yuan industry that employs 23,000 people and reaches customers in 40 countries and regions.

（中國網綜合 翻譯 尤迎寧）

來源： 中國網綜合    | 作者：中國網綜合 翻譯 尤迎寧    | 責編：胡金    審核：張淵

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