石榴籽·同心圓 | 傈僳族：弩弓激蕩 踏歌傳世
每年的潑水節，菩提寺門前就逐漸熱鬧起來。這天晚上，寺裏大殿前將舉辦一場民族團結餐，各民族賓客一起舉杯共飲慶祝節日，這其中就有胡蘭英。
Every year during the Water Splashing Festival, the area in front of the Puti Temple gradually becomes lively. On the evening of the festival, a banquet promoting ethnic unity is held in front of the temple's main hall, where guests from various ethnic groups raise their glasses together to celebrate. Among them is Hu Lanying.
胡蘭英是傈僳族一位致力於本民族文化研究和發展的學者。近幾天，她和同伴抽時間排練傈僳族舞蹈《我們來相會》。
Hu Lanying, a scholar from the Lisu ethnic group, is dedicated to the research and development of her people's culture. In recent days, she and her companions have taken time to rehearse the Lisu dance "We Come to Meet."
胡蘭英（德宏州傈僳族發展進步研究學會副會長）：“動作我們要歡快一點，步伐要輕巧一點。我們是要來祝賀傣族潑水節嘛，那首歌的意思就是説，我們兄弟姊妹相會到一起來開心，一起來唱歌，一起來跳舞。”
Hu Lanying, vice president of the Dehong Lisu Development and Progress Research Association: Our movements should be lively and our steps light. We are here to celebrate the Dai Water Splashing Festival. The meaning of that song is that brothers and sisters come together to be happy, to sing, and to dance.
傈僳族是一個能歌善舞的民族。一年一度的新年“闊時節”上，男女青年都要盛裝打扮，舉行射弩、跳舞、對歌等活動。有的則以優美的舞姿和悠揚的歌聲來表達雙方的愛慕之情，定下終身。
The Lisu ethnic group is known for their singing and dancing. During the Lisu New Year festival called "Kuoshi," young men and women dress in traditional attire and participate in activities such as crossbow shooting, dancing, and singing competitions. Some express their mutual affection through graceful dance movements and melodious songs, often leading to lifelong commitments.
敘事長詩《闊時目刮》是闊時節上唱的調子，原詩5字一行，共有近萬行。歌聲粗獷熱情，富於節奏感。並配合跳“大嘎”（三步舞）展示傈僳民族的遷徙史、服飾、祭祀等文化元素，是傈僳族文化發展的活化石之一。
The narrative epic "Kuoshi Mugua" is a traditional song performed during the Kuoshi Festival. The original poem consists of nearly 10,000 lines, each with five characters. The singing is robust and passionate, characterized by a strong rhythmic quality. Accompanied by the three-step dance called "Daga," it showcases elements of Lisu culture such as migration history, traditional clothing, and rituals. It is considered one of the living fossils of the Lisu cultural heritage.
余忠斌（《闊時目刮》縣級非物質文化遺産傳承人）：“我們傈僳族祖先長期以來一直生活駐守在邊境地區，族人們扛弩拿槍來守衛邊境，保護家園。後來結合給英雄慶功活動，逐步形成了現在我們扛大弩，拿刀槍，跳闊時大嘎的壯觀表現形式。”
Yu Zhongbin, county-level inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage of "Kuoshi Mugua": Our Lisu ancestors have long lived and guarded the border areas. Tribe members carried crossbows and guns to defend the frontier and protect their homeland. Over time, combined with ceremonies celebrating heroes, this gradually evolved into the current grand performance featuring carrying large crossbows, wielding weapons, and performing the Kuoshi Daga dance.
從小，每當有人家請師傅們唱《蓋房調》《娶親調》《闊時目刮調》時，余忠斌都在旁認真傾聽，最終成為了“嘎頭”。如今，老人也培養出來多位“嘎頭”延續著這項藝術。
Since childhood, whenever someone invited masters to perform"House Building Tune," the "Wedding Tune," or the "Grand Celebration Tune," Yu Zhongbin would listen attentively. He eventually became a lead performer called "Gatou." Today, the elder has trained several lead performers to carry on this art form.
曹玉華是《闊時目刮》如今的“嘎頭”之一，也是非遺傳承人。每逢節日活動，他都會換上行頭護送“大弩”到現場，傈僳族弩弓歷史悠久，代表著傈僳人的勇敢與智慧。
Cao Yuhua is currently one of the lead performers of "Kuoshi Mugua" and a recognized inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage. During festival events, he dons traditional attire to escort the giant crossbow to the site. The Lisu crossbow has a long history and symbolizes the bravery and wisdom of the Lisu people.
曹玉華（《闊時目刮》縣級非物質文化遺産傳承人）：“這個大弩是我們出征前，一乾人要跳闊時大嘎，我們叫出征之舞。”
Cao Yuhua, county-level inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage of "Kuoshi Mugua": This giant crossbow is used before we set out on a mission. Everyone performs the Kuoshi Daga dance, which we call the departure dance.
今天，曹玉華與同是傳承人的余聖秋相約一起為賓客展示傈僳族民俗文化，余聖秋和傈僳族少女們早早便起來打扮。
Today, Cao Yuhua and fellow inheritor Yu Shengqiu teamed up to showcase Lisu ethnic customs to guests. Yu Shengqiu and the Lisu young women rose early to prepare for the event.
余聖秋（《闊時目刮》縣級非物質文化遺産傳承人）：“這個叫包頭，我們戴的時候要全部弄好，然後呢，像這樣套起來。”
Yu Shengqiu, county-level inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage of "Kuoshi Mugua": This is called a "Baotou." When we wear it, we need to arrange it all properly, then put it on like this.
德宏一帶的傈僳族婦女服飾稱“花傈僳”，服飾鮮艷美觀，上衣及長裙上鑲繡許多花邊，頭纏花布頭巾，行走時搖曳擺動，顯得婀娜多姿。
The traditional dress of Lisu women in Dehong, known as "Flower Lisu," is vibrant and visually striking. Their outfits feature richly embroidered trims on both the tops and long skirts. They wear floral-patterned headscarves wrapped around their heads, which sway gracefully as they walk, highlighting their elegance.
《闊時目刮》不只是民族史詩，更充滿著生動的表達。男問女答或女問男答，唱誦著生産、生活、愛情和友誼。
"Kuoshi Mugua" is not only an ethnic epic but also rich in vivid expressions. Through a call-and-response format between men and women, it narrates themes of production, daily life, love, and friendship.
傈僳族語“詩蜜娃底”，意思是“值得人們遊玩的地方”，寬廣翠綠的草坪上，河水穿流其間，草旺牛肥。時而圍坐、時而共舞的青年男女們放聲歌唱，那花、那風、那景、那樹，美得讓人心醉……
In the Lisu language, "Shi Mi Wa Di" means "a place worth visiting." On the vast, verdant lawns, rivers flow gently, with lush grass and well-fed cattle. Young men and women, sometimes sitting in circles and sometimes dancing together, sing loudly. The flowers, the wind, the scenery, and the trees create a breathtakingly beautiful setting.
學術支援
Academic Support
中央民族大學網際網路平臺企業發展與治理研究中心
Research Center for Internet Platform Enterprise Development and Governance at Minzu University of China
鳴謝
Acknowledgement
中共德宏州委宣傳部
The publicity department of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture
中共盈江縣委宣傳部
The publicity department of Yingjiang County
盈江縣融媒體中心
The integrated media center of Yingjiang County
盈江縣蘇典鄉人民政府
The government of Sudian Township, Yingjiang County
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