石榴籽·同心圓 | 阿昌族：千錘百煉匠人心 織出絢美新生活
阿昌的子孫啊，你知不知道我們阿昌的歷史？
Oh descendants of the Achang people, do you know our history?
今天是個好日子， 我給你們講故事：
Today is a good day; I will tell you a story:
先講遮帕麻造天，再講遮咪麻織地……
First, let me speak of Zhepama creating the heavens, then of Zhemima weaving the earth...
——阿昌族民間史詩《遮帕麻和遮咪麻》節選
— Excerpt from the Achang folk epic "Zhepama and Zhemima"
曹明寬，國家級非遺項目遮帕麻和遮咪麻代表性傳承人，30歲開始主持各種祭祀活動。阿昌族人稱他為“活袍”。如今，已過耄耋之年的曹明寬，還能給來訪者完整唱誦《遮帕麻和遮咪麻》。
Cao Mingkuan, a representative inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage project of Zhepama and Zhemima, began hosting various ceremonial activities at the age of 30, Known as a high priestcalled "living robe" among the Achang ethnic community, the now nonagenarian manis still able to perform the complete chants of the epicfor visitors.
創世史詩《遮帕麻與遮咪麻》是阿昌族民間口傳文學中最古老的部分，是滋養阿昌族民族性格、文化心理的重要源泉。在史詩中，天公遮帕麻和地母遮咪麻開天闢地，而今天，阿昌族人也正用雙手創造著美好的生活。
The epic "Zhepama and Zhemima" is the oldest component of the oral literature of the Achang ethnic group, serving as a vital source for nurturing the national character and cultural psyche of the Achang people. In the epic, the sky-creating god Zhepama and the earth-weaving goddess Zhemima create the world, while today, the Achang people are also actively building a better life with their own hands.
聞名於世的“戶撒刀”是阿昌族人智慧的結晶。戶撒刀製作過程須經10道工序，尤以淬火技藝最為突出，通過熱處理使刀葉的硬度和韌性達到最佳狀態——“柔可繞指，吹發即斷，剛可削鐵”。
The world-renowned Husa knife is a testament to the ingenuity of the Achang people. The production process involves ten distinct steps, with quenching techniques standing out prominently. Through thermal treatment, the hardness and toughness of the blade are optimized— "flexible enough to bend around a finger, yet sharp enough to break hair and hard enough to cut through iron."
如今，戶撒地區制鐵加工業煥發出了新的活力。成品工藝刀採取合作制，刀柄、刀鞘等配件還可以定制，從而帶動了珠寶加工、鑲嵌等周邊産業。
The iron-making industry in the Husa region has recently experienced a resurgence.These finished artisanal knives are produced under a cooperative model, allowing for customization of components such as handles and sheaths, which in turn stimulates related industries such as jewelry processing and inlay work.
項老賽（國家級非遺項目阿昌族戶撒刀鍛制技藝代表性傳承人）：“我們一把刀帶給好幾家、好多農戶生活費，賣了一把刀，家家生活都會更好，所以我們不斷地創新、不斷地發明。”
Xiang Laosai, a national inheritor of the Achang Husa knife making technique: "Each knife we produce supports multiple households'livelihoods. Selling just one knife can improve the quality of life for many families. This drives us to continually innovate and invent."
項老賽14歲時隨父親學習打刀技藝，憑著驚人的毅力和天生的悟性，掌握了鍛刀的全套技藝。因其技術過硬，在鄉里享有“戶撒刀王”的美稱，他鍛制的龍鳳刀被中央民族大學博物館收藏。
At the age of 14, Xiang began learning the art of knife forging from his father. Through remarkable perseverance and innate talent, he mastered the complete set of techniques required for blade crafting. Due to his exceptional skills, he is honored in his village as the "chief master of making Husa knife." His crafted dragon-phoenix Husa knifeis now part of the collection at the museum of the Minzu University of China.
飛天“舞刀”，踏地“織錦”。火星四濺的打刀作坊外，一雙雙阿昌族婦女勤勞的雙手正織出幸福生活。精美的筒裙、筒帕、包頭……借助網際網路，阿昌民族服飾走得越來越遠。
Besides forging Husa knife, brocade weaving is also a long-standing tradition. Outsidea traditional Husa knife handicraft workshop where sparks fly from the blades, the diligent hands of Achang women are weaving a tapestry of a happy life. The exquisite Achang garments—such as tube skirts, tube scarves, and headwraps, with the help of the internet, are reaching far beyond their local origins.
尹春煥，梁河縣娥昌民族服飾有限公司總經理，地道的阿昌族姑娘，她既是年輕的設計師，也是傳承和弘揚阿昌文化的“召集人”。近年來，尹春煥組織阿昌族婦女參加織錦、網路直播等培訓，把阿昌文化展示給更多的人。
Yin Chunhuan, general manager of Lianghe County Achang Ethnic ApparelCo., is an Achang woman. As a young designer, she also serves as an organizerfor the preservation and promotion of Achang culture. In recent years, Yin has organized training sessions for Achang women in brocade weaving and live streaming, showcasing Achang culture to a broader audience.
尹改春（梁河縣文化館館員）：“這就是我們阿昌族傳承館的生産車間。它有各種各樣的顏色，以前是只有黑色做底，現在社會的發展，大家喜歡的都是各種各樣的顏色，根據大家的喜好，就創作出來各種顏色底板的阿昌族織錦。”
Yin Gaichun, a staff member at Lianghe County's cultural center: "This is the production workshop of our Achang ethnic heritage center. The brocade features a variety of colors; previously, the base color was solely black. However, with societal development, people now prefer a range of colors. In response to these preferences, we have created Achang brocades with various colored bases."
尹春煥還積極帶動脫貧戶發展餐飲、民宿等旅遊産業，通過“非遺+旅遊”模式，簽約當地婦女成立民間文藝表演隊，向前來的賓朋展示阿昌族文化，為群眾增收致富開闢出一條全新的路子。
Yin Chunhuan is also keen on promoting the development of the tourism industry, including catering and homestays, for households once stricken by poverty. By combining intangible cultural heritage and tourism, she has signed contracts with local women to form a folk art performance team, showcasing Achang culture to visitors and opening up new avenues for income generation and prosperity for the community.
氣勢磅薄的高黎貢山余脈自騰衝逶迤延伸而南，是阿昌族人民世代聚居地區。曹明寬依舊生活在老屋的房檐下，織布機織布的札札聲、劈柴爆裂的劈啪聲，與《遮帕麻和遮咪麻》一起，唱誦著阿昌族人平靜而熱烈的生活。
The majestic Gaoligong Mountain range extends southward from Tengchong City, forming a traditional home for the Achang ethnic group. Cao Mingkuan continues to live in his old house, where the rhythmic sound of the loom weaving fabric and the crackling of firewood echo together with the songs of "Zhepama and Zhemima,"reflecting the Achang people's tranquil yet vibrant way of life.
最動聽的調子是“俄羅”，最美麗的花朵是攀枝花，唱一支“俄羅”歌頌遮帕麻， 採一朵攀枝花獻給遮咪麻……
The most melodious tune is the traditional tune of "Eluo," and the most beautiful flower is kapok. Sing a song of "Eluo"in praise of Zhepama, and pick a bloom of kapokto present to Zhemima...
——阿昌族民間史詩《遮帕麻和遮咪麻》節選
— Excerpt from the Achang folk epic “Zhepama and Zhemima”
學術支援
Academic Support
中央民族大學網際網路平臺企業發展與治理研究中心
Research Center for Internet Platform Enterprise Development and Governance at Minzu University of China
鳴謝
Acknowledgement
中共德宏州委宣傳部
The publicity department of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture
中共隴川縣委宣傳部
The publicity department of Longchuan County
中共梁河縣委宣傳部
The publicity department of Lianghe County
梁河縣文化和旅遊局
The culture and tourism bureau of Lianghe County
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