“獻禮二十大”· 鄉村振興這五年
在中國的鄉村，春耕秋收，年復一年。當前，中國鄉村全面完成脫貧攻堅，走向鄉村振興，農村百姓們的經濟來源也從單一的農耕、養殖向多元化發展，産業振興成為鄉村振興道路上的重要著力點。
In rural China, plowing takes place in spring and harvests are celebrated in autumn. The pattern goes on year after year. China’s rural areas have completed poverty alleviation and are moving toward the development of a new countryside. The income sources of rural people are diversifying from farming. Developing industries has become an important focus of rural revitalization.
産業振興在於把種養業現代化
Revitalization by developing industries lies in farming modernization
艷陽高照的海南到處瀰漫著果香，鳳梨、芒果、咖啡......如今，農民們不僅在種植上動了腦筋，讓科技助力農業，也在銷路上找到了辦法，通過“網際網路+”的行銷方式，這一大片的鳳梨在還沒豐收前就已經被預定了出去。種養業産銷的現代化升級，讓老百姓的腰包更鼓了，心也更踏實了。
The air of sunny island province of Hainan is filled with the fragrance of pineapple, mango and coffee... Nowadays, local farmers are not only seeking better planting, but also exploring ways to sell products by facilitating agriculture via technologies. Through online marketing, the large field of pineapple has been ordered before the harvest. The modernization and upgrading of farming industry’s production and marketing has enriched and assured local people.
産業振興在於把鄉土特色品牌化
Revitalization by developing industries centers on nurturing local brands
在湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州，繡娘們將“指尖技藝”變為“指尖經濟”，幾經改良，讓苗繡走上産業化發展的道路，吸引越來越多的手工藝者參與其中，也形成了多個民族工藝合作社和苗繡基地，讓繡娘們的每人平均年收入增加2.16萬元。苗繡作為中國傳統民族文化，實現了從手工藝到藝術品再到暢銷商品的蛻變，也讓中國農村婦女變身成為産業工人，農村發展道路開拓了新機遇。
In Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in central China’s Hunan Province, female embroiderers have turned the traditional craft into “fingertip economy”. After several improvements, Miao embroidery embarked on industrial development, attracting more and more craftswomen for participation. A number of ethnic craft cooperatives and Miao embroidery bases have been set up, which raised the per capita annual income of female embroiderers by 21,600 yuan. As a traditional Chinese ethnic culture, Miao embroidery has realized the transformation from handicrafts to artworks to best-selling commodities, and also turned Chinese rural women into industrial workers, creating new opportunities for rural development.
産業振興在於把鄉村旅遊品質化
Revitalization by developing industries calls for upgrading rural tourism
天津市趙莊子村，曾是遠近聞名的窮村，村民多靠打漁養魚為生。守著綠水青山，趙莊子人轉變思路，利用村裏獨有的自然資源，發展生態旅遊産業。閒置的魚塘被一個個打通，超過3000畝的水面連成一片，“曙光水鎮”旅遊景區便應運而生。景區實行現代化企業經營，農民、漁民“搖身一變”成為鄉村旅遊從業者，開始經營農家樂等相關産業。目前，趙莊子村休閒農業和鄉村旅遊年收入超過3000萬元，共帶動300多名村民就業。趙莊子人手裏的這碗“生態飯”，讓村民們從土坯房搬進了樓房，走上了鄉村振興的快車道。
Zhaozhuangzi Village in north China’s port city Tianjin was once a well-known poor village, with most villagers living by fishing and raising fish. After realizing the “gold mine” in the village, local villagers changed their thinking and leveraged the unique natural resources to develop eco-tourism industry. Idle fish ponds were connected to make a water expanse of more than 3,000 mu, creating a tourist scenic spot called Twilight Water Town. Modern enterprise management is carried out in the scenic spot, and farmers and fishermen have become rural tourism practitioners and started to operate farmhouse restaurants and offer other related services. The annual income of leisure agriculture and rural tourism in Zhaozhuangzi Village exceeds 30 million yuan, offering over 300 new jobs. Eco-tourism has enabled villagers to move from adobe houses to apartments and embark on the fast lane of rural revitalization.
鄉村振興的意義是什麼？是讓老百姓富起來。如何才能讓老百姓持續地富起來？根本是要把鄉村産業發展起來。中國的鄉村，地域不同、發展路徑不同，但鄉村振興的目標和方向是一致的，那就是讓老百姓的“錢袋子”真正地鼓起來。
What is the goal of rural revitalization? It is to make the ordinary people rich. How can the ordinary people stay rich? It is essential to develop rural industries. Rural areas in China may have different paths of development based on regional conditions, but the goal and direction of rural revitalization are the same, that is, to enrich the people.
鄉村振興，人才是關鍵。2022年“中央一號文件”提出，要全面推進鄉村振興，加強鄉村振興人才隊伍建設，實施高素質農民培育計劃、鄉村産業振興帶頭人培育“頭雁”項目、鄉村振興青春建功行動、鄉村振興巾幗行動，為鄉村振興注入活力。
Talented people are key to China's rural revitalization. The first policy statement released by the country's central authorities in 2022 calls for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization by strengthening thecultivation of talents, implementing programs to nurture well-trained farmers and industrial pioneers, and rolling out campaigns to encourage young people and women to make contributions and inject vitality into the great cause.
各項政策首先吸引了很多人才返鄉。在江西宜春市上石村，33歲的“特聘村官”易金禹利用無人機對秸稈禁燒等情況進行巡查，這位年輕人提高了農村基層的現代化治理水準，也為村幹部隊伍帶來新活力。這得益於2020年當地專門出臺的人才計劃，鼓勵大學生回原籍村任職。而在貴州省黔西南州興義市，七舍鎮積極探索拓寬選人渠道，匯聚各方面優秀專業人才——這也吸引了在外經商，想帶領鄉親發展的錢麗。2021年，35歲的錢麗毅然返回家鄉，當選村幹部後，她深入群眾聽民情、訪民意，一門心思投入到基層群眾工作一線。
Related policies have lured many people back to their hometowns. In Shangshi Village, Yichun City, east China's Jiangxi Province, Yi Jinyu, a 33-year-old special-term village official, used drones to inspect straw burning. The young man has improved the level of modern governance at the grassroots level and brought new blood to the ranks of village officials. Yi's presence is made possible by a special talent plan launched in 2020 to encourage college students to return to their villages of origin to work. In Xingyi City, Qianxinan Buyi-Miao Autonomous Prefecture, southwest China's Guizhou Province, Qishe Town has explored and expanded the channels for selecting candidates to gather outstanding professionals in various fields, which has attracted Qian Li, who wants to help the local people for better life. In 2021, Qian decided to return to her hometown at the age of 35. After being elected as a village cadre, she earnestly solicited villagers'opinions and heeded their concerns, devoting herself to grassroots work.
除了吸引優秀人才返鄉，將本土村民培育成材並在當地發展，也是重要路徑。雲南省鶴慶縣素有“銀都水鄉”美譽，鶴慶銀器業的蓬勃發展，離不開技能人才的支撐。這幾年，鶴慶搭建人才成長的平臺，制定方案鼓勵本地知名匠人創新創業，引導高層次人才發揮“傳幫帶”作用。經濟相對發達的江蘇省，出臺系列政策，培育農業農村科技創新人才和科技推廣人才，並促成農業科技成果轉化。江蘇計劃到2025年建設25個省級現代農業産業技術體系，打造150個創新團隊。
In addition to attracting outstanding talents to return home, it is also an important way to cultivate talents locally. Heqing County in southwest China's Yunnan Province is a waterfront town known for its silverware, and the vigorous development of Heqing silverware industry cannot be separated from the support of skilled talents. In recent years, Heqing has set up a platform for talent development, formulated plans to encourage local skilled craftsmen to innovate and start businesses, and guided high-level talents to pass on their expertise. Jiangsu Province, which has a relatively developed economy, has issued a series of policies to cultivate scientific and technological innovation talents and promotion professionals in agriculture and rural affairs. Efforts have also been made to promote application of scientific and technological advances in the agricultural field. Jiangsu plans to build 25 provincial-level modern agricultural industrial technology mechanisms and 150 innovative teams by 2025.
鄉村人才振興，培育和吸引來的人才，還要“留得住”。習近平指出，“讓願意留在鄉村、建設家鄉的人留得安心，讓願意上山下鄉、回報鄉村的人更有信心”。天津市政協委員陳季敏建議，“要制定關於人才的優惠和扶持政策，為人才提供落戶、居留、子女入學、社會保障等條件，支援有技能的城鎮居民、科技人員、高校畢業生、退役軍人等到農村發展，鼓勵他們依靠科技發展生態迴圈農業和三産融合新業態。”現在很多地方也正在實施相關的舉措。
Rural talents should be revitalized, cultivated and attracted, and retained. ChinesePresident Xi Jinping has called for efforts to let those who are willing to stay in the countryside and build their hometown stay at ease, and let those who are willing to go to the countryside and give back to the countryside have more confidence. Chen Jimin, member of Tianjin municipal political advisory body, suggested that preferential and supporting policies for talents should be made to address talents'concerns such as settlement, residence, children's school enrollment and social security. Skilled urban residents, scientific and technical personnel, college graduates, demobilized military personnel and other talents should enjoy support for dedicating themselves to rural development, and be encouraged to leverage science and technology to develop ecological recycling agriculture and new formats of integration of agriculture, industry and service. Such measures are being implemented in many places across China.
鄉村振興，離不開見識廣、理念新的人才，如果沒有人才的支撐，鄉村振興只能是一句空話。而鄉村人才振興的關鍵，就是要讓更多人才願意來、留得住、幹得好、能出彩。
Rural revitalization cannot be separated from talents with wide knowledge and new ideas. Without the support of talents, rural revitalization can only be empty talk. The key to the revitalization of rural talents is to make more talents willing to come, stay, excel and shine.
“巫山民歌何其多，我的歌兒用船拖”。回蕩在群山間的歌聲，表達了重慶巫山縣竹賢鄉下莊村人對生活的美好期盼。
"So many folk songs are there in Wushan, I can sing so many songs that could fill the length of a ship." The song that echoes through the mountains expresses the wonderful life expectations of the people of Xiazhuang Village in Zhuxian Township, Wushan County, Chongqing.
巫山縣的名字裏有一個“山”字，確實巫山以山聞名。七年來，在村黨支部書記毛相林的帶領下，村民們在絕壁上鑿出了一條長達8公里的“致富路”，實現小康生活。今天的中國，已進入全面建成小康社會後的新發展階段，想要實現“到2035年，全體人民共同富裕取得更為明顯的實質性進展” 的目標，堅持物質富裕和精神富裕相統一是必然要求。
Wushan County has the word "mountain" in its name, and indeed Wushan is famous for its mountains. Over the past seven years, under the leadership of Mao Xianglin, secretary of the village party branch, the villagers have carved out an 8-kilometre-long "Road to Prosperity" on the precipice to achieve a well-off life. Today, China has entered a new stage of development after the completion of a moderately prosperous society. If we want to achieve the goal of "achieving more obvious and substantial progress in the common prosperity of all the people by 2035", it is inevitable to insist on the unity of material and spiritual prosperity.
生活好起來的下莊村，如今還辦起了熱鬧的“村晚”，將民俗文藝演出與直播帶貨相結合，既能傳播鄉村文化藝術，又能展現鄉村的新面貌新生活。
The village of Xiazhuang, where life has improved, now also hosts a lively "village gala", combining folklore performances with live-streaming, which both spreads rural culture and art and shows the new face and life of the village.
脫貧致富離不開一雙勤勞的手。在內蒙古自治區興安盟科右中旗草原上，農牧民婦女正借助非遺技藝這雙“翅膀”讓民族手工藝得到振興。
A pair of hard-working hands is essential to getting out of poverty and getting rich. In the grasslands of the Keyouzhong Banner of the Xing'an League in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, herdswomen are revitalizing their ethnic crafts with the help of the non-heritage skills.
“這是我的家，希望家鄉一天比一天美好，希望這種傳統文化能被更多人了解，也希望家鄉的父老因這悠久的文化而變得更加自信。”“全國脫貧攻堅楷模”白晶瑩帶領蒙古族婦女居家就業，巧手致富，通過積極實踐，將草原文化借助非遺技藝傳播出去，從而又彰顯了人民的“文化自信”。
"This is my home, and I hope that my hometown will become better and better every day, that this traditional culture will be better understood by more people, and my countryman will become more confident because of this long-standing culture." Bai Jingying, a national model in the fight against poverty, has led Mongolian women to work at home and become rich with their hands, and has actively practised spreading the culture of the grasslands through her non-heritage skills, thus demonstrating the "cultural confidence" of the people.
“紅色文化”蘊含著激蕩的革命精神和厚重的歷史內涵。安徽省金寨縣，地處大別山腹地，是紅軍的搖籃、將軍的故鄉，紅色資源積澱深厚，也是中國著名綠茶“六安瓜片”的黃金産區。幾年來，金寨大灣村探索出一條“紅綠結合、茶旅融合”的發展道路。“山上種茶，家中迎客”，村民的日子很快紅火了起來。
"The Culture in Red" contains a spirit and connotations, which arose from the stirring revolution and a long and heavy history. Jinzhai County in Anhui Province, located in the hinterland of the Dabie Mountains, is the cradle of the Red Army, the hometown of the generals, with a profound accumulation of red culture resources, and is also the prime production area of China's famous green tea "Lu An Guapian". Over the past few years, Dawan Villageof Jinzhai County has explored a way to development - combine red cultural resources with green tea resources. " Growing tea on the mountain, welcoming guests at home", the villagers soon became prosperous.
鄉村文化振興是特色社會主義文化振興的重要組成部分，是鄉村振興戰略實施的重要內容。這三個生動的鄉村故事説明，鄉村文化振興可以通過結合當地特有資源與人民大眾的智慧來實現。農民們通過鄉村文化振興，追求幸福生活，豐富文化生活，從而進一步增強文化自信。
The vitalization of rural culture is an important part of the vitalization of distinctive socialist culture and an important element in the implementation of the rural vitalization strategy. These three vivid rural stories illustrate that rural cultural vitalization can be achieved by combining unique local resources with the wisdom of the people at large. Through rural cultural vitalization, farmers pursue a happy life and enrich their cultural life, thus further enhancing their cultural confidence.
中國的鄉村色彩是什麼樣的？是你印象裏那古樸的紅磚墻，還是溝壑崎嶇的黃土地？改革開放以來，中國的鄉村面貌可以説是脫胎換骨。綠水青山、生態宜居，本就是鄉村面貌的底色，如今，乘著“鄉村振興”的快車，美麗鄉村的生態振興也有了更多可能性。儘管每個地區的生態保護舉措各不相同，但聯動起來就是“百姓富、生態美”的組合拳。
What is the color of China's countryside? Is it the simple red brick wall in many people's impressions, or the rugged yellow earth? Since 1978 when the reform and opening-up campaign started, it's fair to say that China's rural landscape has gone through a thorough transformation. A livable environment with lucid waters and lush mountains is the natural undertone of the rural landscape, which is seeing more possibilities thanks to the rural ecological revitalization driven by the fast development of rural revitalization. Different ecological protection measures are taken in each region, contributing to a toolkit of policies enriching the local people in ecologically-friendly manners.
綜合治理：從“水土流失”到“山青水綠”
Systematical solutions turn barren land into ecological agricultural hub
貴州省遵義市湄潭縣，是國家級水土流失重災區，曾經嚴重缺水，交通不便，農戶僅靠傳統種植養殖來維持生計。湄潭縣以小流域為單元，山、水、林、田、路統一規劃，工程、植物和農業技術措施科學配置，實施水土流失綜合治理。今天，湄潭縣已形成以茶葉種植為主、地方特色産業相結合的農旅生態産業示範區，山變青了，水變綠了，湄潭縣的老百姓變富了。
Meitan County in southwest China's Zunyi City, Guizhou Province is one of the country's worst areas affected by water loss and soil erosion. It once suffered severe water shortage and inconvenient transportation, where local farmers had no ways to make a living other than planting crops and raising livestock. By taking unified planning of mountains, water, forests, fields and roads in small drainage areas, the local government administered scientific allocation of engineering, plants and agricultural technology measures to systematically address water loss and soil erosion. Today, Meitan County has become an agricultural and tourism ecological demonstration area, with tea planting as the mainstay and local specialty industries as supporting pillars. The local environment is getting better and the local people are getting richer.
立體生態：從“革命種子”到“綠色迴圈”
Mixed cultivation nurtures revolution seeds of green recycling economy
江西省葉坪鄉作為共和國的搖籃，依託老一輩留下的精神財富，大力開拓生態文明建設，以“生態立鄉，産業富鄉，旅遊旺鄉”為發展戰略，形成萬畝蔬菜、萬畝臍橙、萬畝白蓮、十萬生豬、百萬蛋雞的“五個萬”基地。鼓勵農民實施“以豬養菜，以菜養豬”和“以豬養果、以果養豬”的綠色迴圈方式，發展立體生態型産業。
Yeping Township in Ruijin City in southeast China's Jiangxi Province is known as the cradle of Chinese revolution. The township has built on the older generation's trail-blazing tradition and embarked on an ecologically-friendly development path. It's now home to some 700 hectares of vegetable, naval orange and white lotus as well as over 100,000 pigs and one million chickens. Local farmers are encouraged to develop recycling economy and ecologically-friendly mixed cultivation by combining agriculture and pig-raising.
美麗宜居：從“家庭四美”到“村容整潔”
Good personal housekeeping manners create a livable environment for all
廣東省紫金縣，從家庭中挖掘潛在力量，建立“1+10+100”的工作模式，即1名村幹部聯繫督促10戶家庭衛生，確保10戶家庭衛生100%達到“四美”標準（字幕：居室整潔靚化美、物品堆放整齊美、房屋溝係暢通美、禽畜圈養行為美），讓“家容整潔”從家庭責任上升到社會責任，從建設小家到服務大家，共建美麗家園。
Zijin County in south China's Guangdong Province tapped potential strength from families and established the “1+10+100” working mode, that is, one village cadre contacted 10 families to ensure that their houses are 100 percent neat in terms of clean rooms, orderly- stacked goods, unblocked ditch system and well-managed pens. Keeping one's house clean has transformed from a family responsibility to social responsibility, contributing to the building of a pleasant living environment for everyone.
生態振興作為鄉村振興建設的重要支撐點，絕不在一朝一夕，需要從大方向到小細節的不斷努力。在中國的大地上，每天都書寫著不同的鄉村振興故事，點滴匯聚，才能將鄉村振興的藍圖一繪到底。
As an important pillar for rural revitalization, ecological revitalization cannot be achieved overnight and requires continuous efforts from the decision of general directions to the nailing down of small details. Every day in China, different efforts of rural revitalization are being made, which combined will finish the grand vision of rural revitalization.
中國的鄉村振興包括産業、人才、文化、生態、組織五個方面的全面振興。這五個方面的振興互為關聯，相輔相成，其中，組織振興是保障，是鄉村振興的“第一工程”，是新時代中國共産黨領導農業農村工作的重大任務。
Rural revitalization in China includes comprehensive revitalization in five aspects: industries, talents, culture, ecology and organizations. These five aspects of revitalization are interrelated and complement each other, among which organizational revitalization is the guarantee, the top project of rural revitalization, and a major task for the Communist Party of China to manage agriculture and rural affairs in the new era.
農村基層黨組織是黨在農村所有工作的基礎，是黨聯繫廣大農民群眾的橋梁和紐帶。貴州省遵義市紅渡村，村民因村內發展問題産生分歧矛盾，黨支部成員多次與村民談心談話，最終在基層黨組織的帶領下，紅渡村民積極參與村子的建設，發展紅色旅遊，銷售農特産品，走出一條鄉村振興的發展之路。
Rural grassroots CPC organizations are the basis of all the work of the Party in the countryside, and the bridge and bond of the Party to contact the masses of farmers. In Hongdu Village, Zunyi City, southwest China's Guizhou Province, the villagers had differences and contradictions over the development of the village. The members of the Party branch had many heart-to-heart talks with the villagers. Finally, under the leadership of the grass-roots CPC organization, the villagers of Hongdu actively participated in the construction of the village, developed red tourism, sold agricultural special products, and found a development road of rural revitalization.
農村專業合作經濟組織是推進農業現代化、規模化、效益化的有效組織形式。雲南省騰衝市三家村于2021年9月成立了種植農民專業合作社，組織群眾發展蔬菜、水果種植，在技術、資訊、銷售等方面統一管理，拓展農副産品銷售産業鏈，使農副産品直銷超市。合作社提高了組織化水準，增加了群眾家庭收入。
Rural specialized cooperative is an effective economic organization to promote agricultural modernization and achieve bigger development scale and benefits. In September 2021, Sanjia Village, Tengchong City, southwestChina's Yunnan Province, established a specialized farmer cooperative to organize the masses to develop vegetable and fruit planting. Related technology, information and sales are managed in a unified manner, while the sales chain of agricultural and sidelines products is expanded with direct supply at supermarkets. Cooperatives have improved the management level of organization and increased people's family income.
社會組織作為充滿活力和創造力的非官方組織，在構建新時代鄉村治理體系方面發揮著不可忽視的作用。上海市崇明區協進村引進公益社會組織推動村居發展，設立手工編織項目，幫助無收入的留守婦女增加就業技能。鼓勵和引導行業協會、基金會、各類志願組織等社會組織廣泛參與，不僅可以為鄉村事業發展提供專業人才支撐，同時還可以在資金、物質、技術等方面提供重要保障。
As dynamic and creative unofficial organizations, social organizations play an important role in the construction of rural governance system in the new era. Xujin Village, Chongming District, east China's Shanghai has introduced public welfare social organizations to promote the development of villagers, and set up hand-woven projects to help unemployed women without income increase their employment skills. Encouraging and guiding the extensive participation of industry associations, foundations, voluntary organizations and other social organizations will not only provide professional support for the development of rural undertakings, but also provide important financial, material and technological support.
村民自治組織中，村民委員會作為村民自我管理、自我教育、自我服務的基層組織，是鄉村組織振興必不可少的重要力量。1980年，在廣西池河市合寨村村民以無記名投票方式誕生了新中國第一個村民委員會，如今，合寨村由村民投票選出養蠶、水産養殖等新産業，由村委會建設基地統一管理，以承包的形式給村民分紅；村集體資金經討論、公示被用於道路硬化和産業再發展。
Among the villagers'self-governing organizations, the villagers committee, as a grass-roots organization for villagers'self-management, self-education and self-service, is an indispensable and important force for the revitalization of rural organizations. In 1980, the villagers of Hezhai Village, Chihe City, south China's Guangxi Province, established the first villagers committee in the PRC by secret ballot. Now, the villagers of Hezhai Village have voted for developing new industries such as sericulture and aquaculture. The village committee has built bases, taken care of their development and paid dividends to the villagers via contract. Village collective funds are used for road hardening and industrial redevelopment after open discussion and public disclosure.
農村基層黨組織、農村專業合作經濟組織、社會組織和村民自治組織四大主體協調發展，走中國特色社會主義鄉村振興道路。以組織振興作為“引擎”助力鄉村振興提速，鄉村振興的路越走越寬，發展的速度越來越快，最終發展成果將更多、更公平惠及廣大農民。
Rural grassroots CPC organizations, rural specialized cooperatives, social organizations, and villagers self-governing organizations are developing in a coordinated manner on the socialist path of rural revitalization with Chinese characteristics. Facilitating organizations work as engines to accelerate rural revitalization. The path of rural revitalization is getting wider and the speed of development is getting faster. In the end, the fruits of development will bring more benefits to farmers in a more equitable way.
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