黎錦：海島織女的脫貧夢
在中國海南省中南部腹地，有一個特殊的“文化社區”——番茅村，中國政府與聯合國開發計劃署合作文化減貧項目示範村。黎錦工藝在這裡得以規範、系統地傳承併為人們創造著財富。透過黎族婦女的織機、針線，人們可以窺見中國與聯合國合作減貧40年的精彩縮影。
In the hinterland of South Central Hainan Province of China, in Fanmao village, there exists a special “cultural community” The hamlet is an example of cultural poverty alleviation project of the Chinese government and the United Nations development program. The Li brocade tradition here has been standardised and passed on to others to generate wealth. The weaving machines and needles of the ethnic Li women tell the story of 40 years of cooperation between China and the United Nations to reduce poverty.
黎錦，海南島黎族民間織錦。製作精巧，色彩鮮艷，其內容主要是反映黎族社會生産、愛情婚姻、宗教活動及傳説或美好形象等。然而由於掌握這項技藝的婦女人數急劇減少，黎錦于2009年被聯合國教科文組織列為首批急需保護的非物質文化遺産。如今，在番茅村，黎錦成功地從瀕臨消失的非遺資源轉化成為了人們的生計支撐。
Li Brocade is a folk embroidery by Li nationality in Hainan Island. Its contents depict tradition, love and marriage, religious activities, legends or beautiful images of Li nationality. As the number of weaker mastering the skill dwindled over decades, UNESCO listed the brocade in its first endangered cultural heritage group in 2009. Numerous efforts were made to preserve this slice of culture and today Li brocade has successfully transformed from an endangered intangible cultural heritage resource into a livelihood support for the community.
2012年，聯合國支援的中國少數民族文化産業可持續發展項目之一“海南省黎錦工藝保護和發展”，經過考察落地番茅村。在當地政府的支援和項目人員、專家指導下，人們成立了黎錦協會，由此，黎錦的傳承變得更為系統性和有組織性，一改黎錦僅有少量傳承人的傳承形勢。在協會的推動下，還舉辦了“黎錦文化進課堂”、黎錦設計大賽等系列宣傳活動，使得越來越多島外的人們開始欣賞到黎族文化和黎錦工藝品的魅力。
In 2012, “Hainan Li Brocade craft protection and development”, one of the sustainable development projects of China’s ethnic cultural industry supported by the United Nations, was launched in Fanmao village. With the support of the local government and the guidance of project personnel and experts, the Li Brocade Association was set up. As a result, the inheritance of Li brocade became more systematic and organized, which allowed the skill to be passed on from the very few inheritors that had been left. The association undertook a series of promotional activities, holding events such as “Li Brocade culture into the classroom” and “Li brocade design competition”. This helped draw the attention of people outside the island to the charm of Li Culture and Li Brocade crafts.
黎錦也成為了織女們最為重要的收入來源。根據項目規劃，人們成立了黎族傳統紡染織繡技藝傳習館、黎族織繡傳習所等企業，將婦女們動員起來，系統學習、培訓黎錦工藝，不僅解決了她們的就業問題，也為保護、傳承黎錦工藝注入新生力量。數據顯示，2015年番茅村黎族織繡傳習所年銷售額達20萬餘元，織女平均月收入近2000元，産品銷往新加坡等國。2019年，黎錦亮相聯合國教科文組織巴黎總部，文化扶貧增加的不僅是織女們的收入，更有她們的榮譽感、成就感和文化自信。
Li Brocade is now among the most important sources of income for the weavers. According to the project plan, Li nationality traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery skills training hall and other enterprises have been set up to mobilize women to systematically study and train in Li Brocade technology. This has not only generated employment, but also injected new strength into the protection and inheritance of Li Brocade technology. According to data, in 2015, the annual sales of the Li nationality weaving and embroidery training institute in Fanmao village reached more than 200,000 yuan and the average monthly income of women weavers was nearly 2,000 yuan. The products were exported to Singapore and other countries. In 2019, Li Brocade was exhibited at UNESCO’s headquarters in Paris. Cultural poverty alleviation will not just increase the income of the weaver girls, but also instil in them a sense of honor, achievement and cultural confidence.
早在1993年，中國就成立了文化扶貧委員會，而黎錦的成功印證了中國立足國情、積極探索具有中國特色的減貧道路的正確性。2020年是聯合國成立75週年，中國與聯合國合作減貧已走過40年的光輝歷程。40年來，中國與聯合國在文化減貧、産業減貧、教育減貧、科技減貧等各方面展開大量合作，為了“消除貧困”這個全人類的目標，雙方都貢獻了自己的智慧與力量。
As early as 1993, China set up a cultural poverty alleviation committee. Li Brocade’s success has confirmed that China’s active exploration of poverty alleviation with focus on Chinese characteristics is a step in the right direction. The year 2020 marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. China and the United Nations have seen a glorious course of poverty reduction for 40 years. Over the past four decades, China and the United Nations have continued their collaboration in poverty reduction in culture, industry, education, science and technology. Both sides have contributed their wisdom and strength to the goal of “eliminating poverty” for all mankind.
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