中英雙語 | 旅遊業發展助力海南“鄉村振興”

China.Org-- Known for its marvelous tropical island scenery, Hainan is one of the mostpopular destinations for Chinese tourists, especially after the COVID-19.Apart from that, the province has many ancient villages that the government wants to renovate so as to attract tourists, in line with the country's rural vitalization strategy.

中國網訊  海南島，因其獨特的熱帶風光旅遊資源而聞名，而疫情期間出國不便的現狀，更使海南旅遊的在國內的熱度直線飆升。其實，除了椰樹、沙灘和大海，海南還擁有著一眾歷史悠久的傳統村落。在“鄉村振興”的政策指導下，海南地方政府致力於將這些傳統村落打造成旅遊勝地。

Liu Simin, vice-president of tourism at the Beijing-based Chinese Society for Future Studies, says tourism is a vital way to preserve and utilize ancient villages.“If tourism can tap a village's commercial value potential, villagers will be motivated to protect their hometown because they can also earn money from its preservation,”Liu says,“Hainan should explore its traditional villages and map out preservation plans in accordance with their circumstances”.Hefurther pointed out that villagers in Hainan can open restaurants and renovate their vacant houses into minsu to attract guests who feel like enjoying the clean air and beautiful local scenery here.

中國未來研究會旅遊分會副會長劉思敏認為，發展旅遊業對於傳統村落資源的保護與利用而言至關重要——“旅遊業可以充分發掘鄉村經濟潛能，如果村民能從保護、開發家鄉的工作中收穫經濟實惠，那麼相信大家的動力會更強烈。海南應該因地制宜地探索出一套傳統村落資源保護與利用的機制。”劉思敏進一步指出，海南村民可以通過經營農家餐館，以及將閒置房屋改造成民宿等方式，吸引願意前來海南島享受藍天白雲的各地遊客。

Temple Renovation

澄邁龍吉，古祠新顏

In Chengmai county, Longji village was built along the rolling mountains and is adjacent to a river. Like other ancient villages in the county, it is well known for its culture, and locals have built houses and tools with volcanic rocks for generations. Longji's 200-year-old ancestral temples-Tongde Hall and Jiangxing Gong Hall-which were built next to each other, were worn down after years of going without repair and overgrown with weeds.

位於澄邁縣的龍吉村，依山傍水，是一座有著悠久歷史的傳統村落，村民們世代使用火山岩做為建築材料。龍吉村曾建有兩座具有200餘年歷史、比鄰而居的古祠堂——通德堂和將興公祠，可惜由於年代久遠，兩座建築物的遺址已出現多處頹圮破敗的痕跡、雜草叢生。

However, a 2019 renovation project has rejuvenated them with an innovative design. Using 80 trunks of Hainan’s local timber trees, the trunks are built as a pillar to support a 900-square-meter transparent glass, protecting the temples from wind, typhoon and rain. The project follows guidelines of the 1964 Venice Charter, which offers reliable direction for the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings.

2019年，針對通德堂和將興公祠的古祠堂提升項目為其注入新的活力。項目創造性地在祠堂遺址之上搭建了一座900平方米的玻璃幕墻，並用80根採自海南本地的木材做為支撐，使祠堂遺址免遭風雨進一步侵蝕。項目施工完全遵照1964年《威尼斯憲章》中關於文物古跡保護工作的指導而展開。

Ye Man, chief designer of Shanghai-based Civil Nova Group that is in charge of the design and construction of the renovation project, says it was not easy to restore the two temples to their original state as they were in disrepair for years.“Why not simply preserve them on site? It looks like a modern square space, but when you look at it closely, you will be able to observe the delicate stone and wood carvings,” she says.

項目主管、設計單位上海文脈集團首席設計師葉曼表示，由於長年失修，完全恢復兩座祠堂的原貌非常困難。因此，“為什麼不乾脆在原址上架起一座現代化的保護設施呢？這樣人們還是可以近距離地觀察到原址使用的優質石材和精細的木質雕刻”

Still, Ye believes it is necessary to preserve the original state of ancient architecture as much as possible, rather than using reinforced cement. On this basis, Ye and her team aim to repair them in a creative way.Also with the final phase of the project is coming up, Ye hopes that the two ancestral temples will be open to the public, attracting tourists to the village.

葉曼始終堅持認為必須盡一切可能維持建築物原貌，而不是用水泥翻新，從這一點出發，她和團隊最終想到了這樣一個極具創意的解決方案。而隨著項目基本完成，葉曼希望這兩座古詞遺址可以被改造成旅遊景點對外開放。

“It’s essential to preserve the ancient architecture in traditional villages, which are important tourism sites for Hainan. The rural revitalization strategy should not only focus on the economy, but also our cultural confidence,”Ye says.

“傳統村落的保護與利用對於海南而言是重要的旅遊資源，而‘鄉村振興’為當地帶來的不僅是經濟效益，更有文化自信的彰顯。”

However, it is not easy to persuade the villagers to accept the avant-garde project.So the village committee invited senior villagers to hold such a ceremony and sought divine advice. They concluded that the project can be implemented,which isthought to begood for the village’s long-term development.

部分村民對於是否開放祠堂持保守態度，當地的村委會因此召集村內長者開會，並依照傳統舉辦了一場儀式。最後大家同意將之做為景點以吸引遊客——長遠看來，這項舉措帶給龍吉村的收益是明顯的。

East meets exotic

中西合璧，博鰲留客

Located in Qionghai city's Boao town, Liuke village used to be an important place along the ancient Silk Road. An ambitious ongoing 1 billion yuan project aims to renovate it into a tourist resort by 2024.

留客村坐落在瓊海市博鰲鎮，這裡曾是海上絲綢之路上的重鎮，也是海南著名的僑鄉。目前，總投資達10億元的留客村美麗鄉村項目正在進行，項目預計2024年全部完工，屆時留客村將被打造成一處旅遊勝地。

Infrastructure construction, sewage upgrade, environmental improvement, and repairs to an ancient port have been completed. The village had a soft opening to visitors free of charge since the National Day holiday in October, averaging about 20,000 visitors a month. It will be ready to welcome a larger number of tourists next year.

基建建設，排污升級，環境美化以及舊港維修等工程紛紛落成。去年十一以來，留客村一直向遊客免費開放，月均吸引2萬人次。明年，留客村將準備好迎接更大的客流。

Zhong Yong, general manager of Hainan Bafangliuke Tourism Culture Development which invested in the project, says the main competitive edge of the tourism site is its unique culture, which cannot be duplicated.“Our aim is to emphasize the characteristics of the village. Many of its villagers started to reside abroad, especially Southeast Asia, to make a living at the end of the 19th century,”Zhong says.

項目投資方、海南八方留客旅遊文化開發有限公司總經理鐘勇表示，獨特的“僑鄉”文化和傳統，是留客村不可替代的優勢。從1800年代後期開始，大批留客村村民僑居海外、尤其是東南亞地區創業謀生，項目的建設就是要突出這一特色。

With an area of 2,645 square meters, the former residences of the Cai family in the village are a blend of traditional Chinese style architecture with Southeast Asian and Western elements, illustrating the history of pioneers leaving their homes for other countries to seek a living. The century-old architectural complex was declared a national cultural heritage site in 2006.

佔地2645平方米的蔡家宅，完美融合了中式傳統和南洋以及西洋的建築設計風格，講述著蔡氏族人的先輩篳路藍縷移民創業的歷史。這座有著百年曆史的宅院在2006年被宣佈為全國重點文物保護單位。

In 1934, Cai Xuesen and his three brothers finished the building of four magnificent residences after making their fortune in Indonesia. However, the complex was abandoned three years later as they hurriedly fled to Indonesia after the Japanese invaded Hainan.

1934年，在印度尼西亞創富成功的蔡學森和三個兄弟回到家鄉博鰲，建造了這座豪宅。但是僅僅三年後的1937年，由於日軍入侵海南，蔡氏兄弟匆匆離島避難，這座豪宅隨之被遺棄。

The project expanded the Cai family's former residences by constructing a beautiful garden according to the requests of the family's descendants and the standards of the National Cultural Heritage Administration.

根據國家文物局設立的標準和蔡氏後人提請的建議，項目在蔡家宅原址的基礎上增建了一座優美的花園。

Zhong says they are building three types of minsu to meet the needs of different visitors. Some guestrooms will be ready by mid-April. Tourists can even live in a transparent glass house that allows them to enjoy a splendid view of the starry sky at night. On the on the other hand, Southeast Asian style restaurants will be opened and an orchard to plant fruits from Southeast Asia for fruit picking will be built.

鐘勇表示，根據計劃，項目會建設三種不同類型的民宿以滿足不同層次遊客的需求，部分客房在今年四月中旬便可投入使用，遊客們可以在透明的玻璃房頂下觀賞海南夜晚的繁星。另一方面，一批南洋風情餐廳同樣開業在即，一片供遊人自由採摘東南亞熱帶水果的果園也正在籌建之中。

In a 50-year cooperation contract with the village committee, the company will offer land rentals and bonus distribution. It will also offer villagers work opportunities and train those who want to open homestays and restaurants.

海南八方留客旅遊文化開發有限公司同留客村村委會簽訂了50年的合作協議。根據協議，留客村可享受租金收益和旅遊收入分紅，另外公司還會向村民提供就業機會，並對希望獨立開辦餐廳或民宿的村民進行培訓。

Zhong is confident of the village’s future as a tourist destination, especially when the annual Boao Forum for Asia, Lecheng medical tourism pilot zone and the nearby Boao airport will help bring in potential visitors.

鐘勇表示非常看好留客村的前景，尤其是在博鰲亞洲論壇年會定期舉辦、博鰲樂城國際醫療旅遊先行區近在毗鄰、博鰲機場建成使用的加持下，這些利好消息都有助於為博鰲和留客村吸引更多客源。