古彩戲法：南宋遺風，人間魔術的藝術傳承
“四面管瞧,八面管看”,即便警察親自上手鎖住魔術師的雙手,魔術師仍能瞬間逃脫,手法之快,令人瞠目結舌,無論如何目不轉睛,都難以捕捉其間的破綻;八枚銅板,分置於雙手之中,魔術師輕輕一吹,銅板的數量便在掌中神奇變換;一個空心的球輕鬆穿過兩根繩索,一名觀眾緊握並打上死結,然而只需輕巧一轉,繩索與空心球便魔術般地分離開來。更令人稱奇的是,隔著瓷碗,球體便能在無形中任意轉換,令人目不暇接。
Watch from all sides, watch from all eight sides. "Even if the police personally lock the magician's hands, the magician can still escape in an instant. The speed of the technique is astonishing, and no matter how hard it is to stare, it is difficult to capture the flaws in between; Eight copper coins, placed in each hand, the magician gently blows them, and the number of coins magically changes in his palm; A hollow ball easily passes through two ropes, and an audience member tightly grips and ties a knot. However, with just a light turn, the rope and hollow ball magically separate. What's even more amazing is that through the porcelain bowl, the sphere can transform invisibly, making it dazzling.
這些令人拍案叫絕的表演,皆源自中國古彩戲法。“八仙過海”、“金蟬脫殼”、“三仙歸洞”……這些寓意美好的節目名稱背後,凝聚著無數藝術家的智慧與心血。
These awe inspiring performances all stem from ancient Chinese color tricks. "The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", "The Golden Cicada Pulls out of its Shell", "The Three Immortals Return to the Cave"... Behind these program names, which symbolize beauty, there are countless artists' wisdom and painstaking efforts.
古彩戲法,承載著兩千多年的歷史沉澱,它源於生活,所用道具皆取自日常。而這些傳承千年的戲法,正是對生活藝術的提煉與昇華。2011年,古彩戲法榮登國家級非物質文化遺産代表性項目名錄,躋身首批文化遺産傳承項目之列。這一源遠流長的民間藝術,其根源可追溯至南宋年間。自那時起,無論是在杭州的瓦肆、市井街頭,還是各類慶典的堂會上,古彩戲法無處不在。表演者們通常身著傳統長袍,攜帶魚缸、瓷碗、花瓶、火盆等道具,其表演內容富含中國民俗元素,寓意著吉祥與喜慶,如“吉慶有餘”、“瓶升三戟”等。
Ancient color magic, carrying over two thousand years of historical accumulation, originates from life and uses props from daily life. And these tricks that have been passed down for thousands of years are precisely the refinement and sublimation of the art of life. In 2011, Gu Cai Jue was listed as a representative project of national intangible cultural heritage and was included in the first batch of cultural heritage inheritance projects. This long-standing folk art can be traced back to the Southern Song Dynasty. Since then, ancient color tricks have been everywhere, whether in the tile houses, streets, or various celebratory gatherings in Hangzhou. Performers usually wear traditional long robes and carry props such as fish tanks, porcelain bowls, vases, and fire pots. Their performances are rich in Chinese folk elements, symbolizing auspiciousness and celebration, such as "auspicious surplus" and "three halberds rising from a bottle".
作為老北京老天橋義合堂古彩戲法的第四代傳人,郭淑芬老師擁有著豐富的舞臺經驗。去年十月,她在湖南洪江古城開展了為期八天的精彩演出。在春節期間,她也活躍在各大廟會的舞臺上。在海南海口馮小剛電影公社,她連續數月獻藝,每日三場,場場爆滿。除此之外,郭老師還在北京大觀園、園博園、通州大運河、龍潭湖、地壇廟會等地進行了巡迴演出。平日裏,她則在充滿老北京風情的餐廳中演出,如四世同堂、北平三兄弟、烤鴨店、鼓樓四合院等地方都能見到她的身影。郭老師説:“古彩戲法沒有固定的演出場所,屬於曲藝類的節目,常與相聲、快板、單弦大鼓、中翻、摔跤等民族藝術形式同臺演出。”
As the fourth generation descendant of the ancient color magic of Yihetang in Tiantianqiao, Beijing, Teacher Guo Shufen has rich stage experience. Last October, she held an eight day wonderful performance in Hongjiang Ancient City, Hunan. During the Spring Festival, she was also active on the stage of various temple fairs. At the Feng Xiaogang Film Commune in Haikou, Hainan, she has been performing for several months, with three shows every day and every show being sold out. In addition, Teacher Guo also conducted touring performances in Beijing's Grand View Garden, Garden Expo Garden, Tongzhou Grand Canal, Longtan Lake, Ditan Temple Fair, and other places. On weekdays, she performs in restaurants full of old Beijing style, such as Four Generations Under One Roof, Three Brothers in Beiping, Roast Duck Restaurant, Drum Tower Courtyard and other places where her figure can be seen. Teacher Guo said, "There is no fixed performance venue for ancient color magic. It belongs to the category of folk arts and is often performed on the same stage as ethnic art forms such as cross-talk, clapper, single string drum, Chinese opera, and wrestling
“我們師兄弟十人,差不多都是帶藝拜師,師傅見我又能唱戲曲又唱單弦大鼓,從小就是雜技演員,就追著我説學古典戲法魔術吧,以後提個魔術箱自己就能演。師傅希望我們能夠認真學,並能學出來。所以説老師找徒弟,徒弟找師傅,也要看對眼,有一定的緣份,才能成為一家人,師徒如父子,一輩子的家人。” 郭淑芬老師談及自己的學習經歷和與古彩戲法的不解之緣時,深信一位好的師傅是學習成功的關鍵。自幼便展現出表演天賦的郭淑芬,在師傅的悉心指導下,迅速掌握了所需的技巧,並能在舞臺上自如地表演。
We are ten brothers in the same class, almost all of whom are apprentices. When my master saw me, he could sing opera and single string drums. I was an acrobat since I was young, and my master chased after me, saying that I should learn classical magic tricks. In the future, I can perform them myself with a magic box, which shows that my master hopes that we can learn seriously and master them. Therefore, when teachers find apprentices and apprentices find masters, we must look at each other and have a certain fate to become a family. Masters and apprentices are like father and son, a lifelong family. "Teacher Guo Shufen talked about her learning experience and her inexplicable relationship with ancient color magic tricks, deeply believing that a good master is the key to learning success. Guo Shufen, who has shown her talent for performance since childhood, quickly mastered the necessary skills under the careful guidance of her master and was able to perform freely on stage.
來自塞爾維亞的北京第二外國語學院留學生優玩娜,來到了王玊玉非物質文化遺産藝術工作室,深入探索古彩戲法的文化底蘊和歷史傳承。在這裡,郭淑芬老師向她展示了一項古彩戲法的經典節目:“三仙歸洞”(亦稱“仙人摘豆”)。首先,郭老師拿出了三個碗和三個小球,在優玩娜仔細檢查並確認碗無任何機關後,她將三個小球分別放置在桌面上。郭老師一邊示範一邊講解:“放在這裡,然後把這個扣上。”她將一個碗覆蓋在一個小球上。接著,她又説道:“再把這個蓋上。”另一個碗隨即蓋住了第二個小球。最後一個小球則被郭老師握在手中,她接著説:“拿在手裏,看好了!”話音剛落,她用手中的小球輕輕拍打其中一個碗,並問道:“看到了嗎?”當她再次揭開碗時,原本只有一個球的小碗中奇跡般地變出了兩個小球。
Jovana, an international student from Beijing International Studies University in Serbia, came to Wang Yuyu's Intangible Cultural Heritage Art Studio to explore the cultural heritage and historical inheritance of ancient color tricks. Here, Teacher Guo Shufen showed her a classic program of ancient color magic: "Three Immortals Returning to the Cave" (also known as "Immortals Picking Beans"). Firstly, Teacher Guo took out three bowls and three small balls. After Jovana carefully checked and confirmed that the bowls had no mechanism, she placed the three small balls on the table separately. Teacher Guo demonstrated and explained, "Put it here and fasten it." She covered a bowl with a small ball. Then she said, 'Cover this again.' Another bowl immediately covered the second ball. The last small ball was held by Teacher Guo in her hand, and she continued, "Hold it in your hand, watch it!" As soon as she finished speaking, she gently tapped one of the bowls with the small ball in her hand and asked, "Did you see it?" When she opened the bowl again, two small balls miraculously appeared in the small bowl that originally had only one ball.
隨後,郭老師再次將碗扣上,拿起一根小棍在桌上劃了一條線,直通另一個裝有小球的小碗。“看好了!”她再次説道。當她揭開這個小碗時,裏面竟然空無一物,而三個小球卻巧妙地聚集在了另一個碗裏。這一神奇的變化令留學生優玩娜連連讚嘆,不禁對古彩戲法的魅力和郭淑芬老師的技藝表示由衷的敬佩。
Subsequently, Teacher Guo once again fastened the bowl and picked up a small stick to draw a line on the table, leading straight to another small bowl containing a small ball. Watch it out! "She said again. When she opened the small bowl, it was surprisingly empty, and three small balls cleverly gathered in another bowl. This magical change has impressed international student Youwana repeatedly, and she cannot help but express sincere admiration for the charm of ancient color magic and the skills of teacher Guo Shufen
留學生優玩娜和老師學習了這一齣三仙歸洞,並表示:“這只是古彩戲法中較為簡單的一項,可是想學會的話,也需要不少時間。”
International student Jovana and her teacher learned about the Three Immortals Returning to the Cave and said, "This is just one of the simpler ancient magic tricks, but if you want to learn it, it will take a lot of time
關於古彩戲法的傳承問題,郭淑芬老師如是説:“我希望自己能將這個歷史文化遺産傳承下去,絕不能讓它在我們這一代手中斷絕。我歡迎中外學生都來觀賞和學習古彩戲法,同時,我也一直在物色人才。雖然我已經教授了幾位學生,但尋找最適合的徒弟並非易事,得是這塊材料才行。歲數大的或許能夠更加專注和努力,而歲數小的往往因為受到網路的影響,學習過程中容易半途而廢。因此,向下傳承確實存在著一定的困難。畢竟,單靠演出不能養活家庭,所以只能把技藝當作愛好,這使得長期的傳承面臨挑戰。”
Regarding the issue of inheriting ancient color tricks, Professor Guo Shufen said, "I hope to pass on this historical and cultural heritage, and I must not let it be cut off in our generation. I welcome students from both China and abroad to come and learn ancient color tricks, and at the same time, I have been searching for talents. Although I have taught several students, finding the most suitable apprentice is not an easy task. It takes this material to do it. Older people may be able to focus and work harder, while younger ones are often influenced by the internet and may give up halfway through the learning process. Therefore, there are indeed certain difficulties in passing it down. After all, performing alone cannot support families, so skills can only be regarded as hobbies, which makes long-term learning difficult. Inheritance faces challenges
這不僅是古彩戲法所面臨的問題,也是我國眾多非物質文化遺産傳承中普遍存在的問題。這些挑戰和困境,雖然令人憂慮,但郭淑芬老師和其他非遺傳承人的堅持與努力,讓我們看到了希望。只要社會各界共同努力,這些寶貴的文化遺産必將在新時代綻放出新的光彩。
This is not only a problem faced by ancient magic tricks, but also a common problem in the inheritance of many intangible cultural heritages in China. Although these challenges and difficulties are worrying, the persistence and efforts of Teacher Guo Shufen and other inheritors of intangible cultural heritage have given us hope. As long as all sectors of society work together, these precious cultural heritages will surely shine with new brilliance in the new era.
