黨的十八大以來，在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，我國加快建設開放型經濟新體制，外貿發展取得了歷史性的成就。從海關統計的角度看，突出體現在量質齊升上。
一是貨物貿易進出口連創新高。從2012年的24.4萬億元人民幣增至2021年的39.1萬億元，增量高達14.7萬億元，2018年突破30萬億元大關，2021年接近40萬億元關口，國際市場份額由2012年的10.4%提升到去年的13.5%，全球貨物貿易第一大國地位更加鞏固。近十年我國貨物貿易規模的不斷躍升，充分體現了中國不僅是“世界工廠”，也是“世界市場”，在向全球市場提供物美價廉、琳瑯滿目商品的同時，也為各國提供了更廣闊的中國市場發展機遇。
二是全球貨物貿易第一大國地位進一步鞏固。2017年以來，我國貨物貿易總額連續5年全球第一。根據最新數據測算，2021年我國出口國際市場份額為15.1%，與2012年相比提升了4個百分點，這一增量與2001年“入世”時我國出口國際市場份額基本相當。同時，我國進口國際市場份額自2013年首次突破10%後穩步提升至2021年的11.9%。
三是對外貿易高品質發展持續推進。外貿經營主體活力更足，2021年我國有進出口實績的企業數量達56.7萬家，是
2012年的l.7倍。外貿“朋友圈”不斷擴大；2013—2021年我國與“一帶一路”沿線國家進出口總值從6.46萬億元增長至11.6萬億元，佔同期我國外貿總值的比重從25%提升至29.7%。國內區域佈局更加優化，中西部地區進出口占比提升6.6個百分點，由2012年的11.1%升至2021年的17.7%。外貿發展新動能不斷激發，2021年綜合保稅區、自由貿易試驗區、海南自由貿易港進出口同比分別增長23.8%、26.4%和57.7%。
值得一提的是，新冠肺炎疫情發生以來，我國積極推動國際抗疫合作，向國際社會提供了數以億計的口罩、防護服、檢測試劑、疫苗等防疫物資。中國正攜手貿易夥伴，共同維護全球産業鏈供應鏈穩定、共同助力世界經濟復蘇。
黨的十八大以來，全國海關充分發揮職能作用，促進了外貿高品質發展。
——支援共建“一帶一路”。擴大“一帶一路”國家優質農産品食品進口。2013年至2021年，累計與“一帶一路”沿線國家簽署海關檢驗檢疫合作文件超過400份，推動100多種優質農産品食品實現對華貿易。深化與“一帶一路”國家貿易安全與通關便利化合作。與48個國家（地區）達成“經認證的經營者”（AEO）互認協議，其中32個是共建“一帶一路”國家（地區）。推進中國國際貿易“單一窗口”與共建“一帶一路”國家的合作交流。據海關統計，2013年至2021年，我國與“一帶一路”沿線國家進出口總值從6.46萬億元增長至11.6萬億元，佔同期我國外貿總值的比重從25%提升至29.7%。今年前4個月，我國與“一帶一路”沿線國家進出口3.97萬億元，增長15.4%，增速高於整體7.5個百分點。
——持續優化口岸營商環境。進出口環節監管證件由86個減少到41個，整體通關時間大幅壓縮，2021年12月全國進口、出口整體通關時間分別為32.97小時和1.23小時，分別較2017年縮短了66.14%和89.98%，制度性交易成本大幅下降。通過推進關稅保證保險改革試點，截至2021年底，3775家企業累計擔保稅款5340.2億元，助力企業降本增效；推進國際貿易“單一窗口”流程優化、業務協同和國際互聯互通，為企業提供全程“一站式”通關物流資訊服務，優化口岸營商環境持續，進出口企業和人民群眾的獲得感進一步增強。
——推動區域經濟高品質發展。北京、天津、石家莊海關建立協同工作機制，支援雄安新區全面深化改革和擴大開放，推進京津冀自貿試驗區協同發展，快速處置異常問題、推進海關全業務領域一體化。圍繞《粵港澳大灣區發展規劃綱要》，積極推動粵港澳大灣區人員、貨物和運輸工具跨境便捷流動。粵澳海關“跨境一鎖”合作範圍擴大至整個大灣區，口岸基礎設施建設加快，粵港澳執法合作深化。全面落實《長江三角洲區域一體化發展規劃綱要》，牽頭出臺兩輪《海關支援長三角區域一體化發展重點舉措》，服務長三角外貿高品質發展。五方面15條措施，在浦東打造社會主義現代化海關的試驗田和示範區。此外，海關完善工作機制，細化支援措施，助力長江經濟帶協調發展、服務黃河流域生態保護和高品質發展、支援成渝雙城經濟圈建設和西部陸海新通道建設取得成效。
——支援外貿新業態發展。“網購保稅進口”“跨境電商B2B直接出口”“跨境電商出口海外倉”等監管模式，滿足了跨境電商企業的通關需求，助力國貨“直通全球”。跨境電商零售進口退貨中心倉模式，使跨境電商零售進口商品退貨更加便捷。海關推動跨境電商零售進口試點城市（及區域）擴容，並設計開發統一的跨境電子商務通關管理系統，有效保障跨境電商商品順利通關。同時，配合地方政府搭建電子商務監管服務平臺，實現與跨境電商企業的數據交換。交易、支付、物流“三單資訊”與申報資訊實現自動比對，在“管得住”的前提下實現“通得快”。
——推動對外開放平臺建設。推動綜合保稅區創新發展，目前，全國共有綜合保稅區156個；積極開展自貿試驗區海關監管制度創新；堅持“管得住、放得開”原則，研究制定海南自由貿易港海關監管框架方案。綜合保稅區、自由貿易試驗區、海南自由貿易港進出口大幅提升。
——保障和促進優質農食産品進口。在確保生物安全的前提下，擴大進口優質農食産品來源。目前，已實現119個國家（地區）1107種農産品檢疫準入。依據雙邊檢疫協議，對境外種植、養殖、加工、儲存企業進行嚴格審核，敦促國外官方加強出口檢驗檢疫。實施進境動植物預檢模式改革。全球新冠肺炎疫情暴發以後，創造性地推出針對國（境）外主管部門和
企業的遠端視頻檢查。2012年以來，累計有7.1萬餘家輸華食品企業在華註冊。建立境外、口岸、境內三道防線，對農食産品進行檢疫和實驗室檢測，既保障了優質農食産品進口，又有力防範了重大動植物疫情疫病傳入。加強與市場監督管理部門的協作，積極開展食品安全風險資訊的交流、研判、通報，加大對問題産品和企業的處置力度，2012年至2022年2月共退運或銷毀來自138個國家（地區）的進口食品28090批，來自41個國家（地區）的進口化粧品1801批。推進單證證書資訊電子化，與國外官方機構開展電子證書聯網核查，提高企業通關效率，降低口岸環節成本。
今年我國外貿總體開局平穩，但受內外部多重因素影響，當前穩外貿壓力顯著增加。海關總署黨委將堅決落實黨中央、國務院決策部署，不斷創新海關監管制度，服務對外貿易大局，以優異的成績迎接黨的二十大勝利召開。
Customs Promoting High-Quality Development of Foreign Trade
（May 20, 2022）
General Administration of Customs
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, China has accelerated the building of a new system of open economy and made historic achievements in the development of foreign trade. According to Customs statistics, China’s foreign trade has increased both in volume and quality.
First, foreign trade in goods hit new record highs. China’s foreign trade in goods increased from RMB24.4 trillion in 2012 to RMB39.1 trillion in 2021, up by RMB14.7 trillion. China’s foreign trade in goods exceeded RMB30 trillion in 2018 and reached nearly RMB40 trillion in 2021. China’s global market share increased from 10.4% in 2012 to 13.5% last year, further consolidating China’s role as the world’s largest trader in goods. The rapid growth of China’s foreign trade in goods in the past decade fully reflects that China is not only the “world factory”, but also the “world market”, providing the global market with a great
variety of high-quality and inexpensive goods and offering tremendous opportunities for other countries through the vast Chinese market.
Second, China’s role as the world's largest trader in goods has been consolidated. Since 2017, China has been the world's largest trader in goods for five consecutive years. According to the latest data, China's share of global exports in 2021 was 15.1%, a 4percentage points increase compared to that of 2012. The growth volume basically equals China’s share of global exports in 2001 when China joined the WTO. At the same time, China's share of global imports exceeded 10% for the first time in 2013 and had enjoyed a steady increase ever since to 11.9% in 2021.
Third, progress has been made in ensuring high-quality development of foreign trade. Foreign trade entities have been further invigorated. In 2021, China had 567,000 enterprises with exports’ and imports’ records, 1.7 times higher than that of 2012. China’s “circle of friends” in foreign trade has been broadened. From 2013 to 2021, China's trade with countries along the Belt and Road increased from RMB6.46 trillion to RMB11.6 trillion, the share of which in China’s total foreign trade increased from 25% to 29.7%. Development priorities of regions are better aligned. Foreign trade of the central and western regions accounted for 17.7% of China’s total in 2021, a 6.6 percentage points increase compared to 11.1% in 2012. New drivers of foreign trade have been fostered. In 2021, the imports and exports of integrated bonded areas, pilot free trade zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port grew by 23.8%, 26.4% and 57.7% year-on-year, respectively.
In particular, since the outbreak of COVID-19, China has taken active steps to advance international cooperation on COVID-19 response and provided hundreds of millions of masks, protective suits, testing kits and vaccines to the international community. China is working together with trade partners to contribute to the stability of global industrial chain and supply chain and the recovery of world economy.
Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China Customs has played its due role in promoting high-quality development of foreign trade.
——We have fostered cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative. We have expanded the imports of quality agri-food products to China. From 2013 to 2021, over 400 Customs, Inspection and Quarantine cooperation documents with Belt and Road countries have been signed and more than 100 kinds of quality agri-food products have gained market access to China. We have deepened cooperation with Belt and Road countries to ensure trade security and faster clearance. We have concluded Mutual Recognition Agreements of Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) with 48 countries (regions), 32 of which are Belt and Road countries (regions). We have promoted cooperation and exchange with Belt and Road countries in the area of “Single Window”. According to Customs statistics, from 2013 to 2021, China's imports and exports with countries along the Belt and Road grew from RMB6.46 trillion to RMB11.6 trillion, the share of which in China’s total foreign trade increased from 25% to 29.7%. In the first four months of 2022, China's imports and exports with countries along the Belt and Road reached RMB3.97 trillion, an increase of 15.4%, 7.5 percentage points higher than the overall growth rate of China’s foreign trade.
——We have continuously optimized the business environment at ports. The number of documents required for imports and exports was reduced from 86 to 41, significantly cutting down the overall customs clearance time. In December 2021, the overall Customs clearance time for imports and exports was 32.97 hours and 1.23 hours respectively, which was 66.14% and 89.98% shorter than in 2017, greatly lowering the institutional transaction costs. Through reforming the surety insurance mechanism on tariff, by the end of 2021, we had provided 3,775 enterprises with surety insurance service covering a total of RMB534.02 billion of taxes, thus helping enterprises reduce costs and increase efficiency. We have pressed ahead with procedural optimization, operation coordination and international connectivity of “Single Window”, providing “one-stop” Customs clearance and logistics information services for enterprises and fostering a more enabling business environment at ports, with the sense of fulfillment of foreign trade enterprises and that of people being enhanced.
——We have promoted high-quality development of regional economy. Customs districts of Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang have established a collaborative working mechanism to support Xiong’an New Area in comprehensively deepening reform and opening-up, promote the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region Pilot Free Trade Zones, ensure rapid response to unusual cases and enhance the integration of Customs operations. Following the Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, we have taken active steps to ensure the smooth cross-border movement of people, goods and means of transport in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. We have extended the practice of “Using the same Customs Seal” from between Guangdong and Macao Customs to the entire Greater Bay Area, accelerated the construction of port infrastructure and deepened law enforcement cooperation among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Customs. We have fully implemented the Outline Development Plan for the Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta and taken a lead in issuing two rounds of Customs Key Measures in Supporting the Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta, with a view to supporting high-quality development of foreign trade in the Yangtze River Delta. 15 measures from five aspects were released to establish pilot ground and demonstration zones in Pudong, Shanghai for creating a modern socialist Customs. In addition, China Customs has improved the working mechanism and refined supporting measures for the coordinated development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin, the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone and the development of the New Land-Sea Transit Routes for the western region, achieving good outcomes.
——We have supported the development of new forms of foreign trade. Customs supervision modes such as “Bonded Import”, “B2B Direct Export” and “Overseas Warehouse” have met the needs of cross-border e-commerce enterprises for faster clearance and helped domestic products “go global”. The model of central warehouse for returned cross-border e-commerce retail import enables the more convenient and faster return of cross-border e-commerce goods. China Customs has expanded the scope of pilot cities (regions) of cross-border e-commerce retail import and developed a unified cross-border e-commerce Customs clearance management system to effectively ensure smooth Customs clearance of cross-border e-commerce goods. At the same time, we have made data exchange possible with cross-border e-commerce enterprises with the support of e-commerce supervision service platforms built by the local governments. Three individual documents concerning transactions, payments and logistics can be automatically checked against declaration information. Under effective supervision, fast Customs clearance has been ensured.
——We have advanced the establishment of a platform for opening up. We have promoted the innovative development of integrated bonded areas. At present, there are 156 integrated bonded areas nationwide. We have innovated the Customs supervision system of pilot free trade zones. Under the principle of opening up wider while ensuring effective supervision, we have developed the Customs control framework for the Hainan Free Trade Port. The imports and exports of integrated bonded areas, pilot free trade zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port have increased significantly.
——We have ensured and promoted the imports of quality agri-food products. Under the precondition of biosecurity, we have expanded the sources of imported quality agri-food products. Currently, 1,107 kinds of agricultural products from 119 countries (regions) have gained market access to China. According to the bilateral SPS-related agreements, we have conducted strict examinations on overseas planting, farming, processing and storage enterprises and urged foreign authorities to strengthen inspection and quarantine of exports. We have implemented the reform of pre-inspection for inbound animals and plants. Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, we have introduced the innovative measure of video inspection for overseas competent authorities and enterprises. Since 2012, a total of more than 71,000 food enterprises exporting to China have been registered in China. We have established three lines of defense, i.e. outside the border, at the border and inside the border, and conducted quarantine and laboratory testing of agri-food products, which not only ensures the import of high-quality agri-food products but also effectively prevents the introduction of major animal and plant epidemics and diseases. We have strengthened collaboration with market regulation authorities and actively carried out exchange, analysis and notification of food safety risks and intensified efforts to the disposal of non-compliant products and enterprises. From 2012 to February 2022, a total of 28,090 batches of imported food from 138 countries (regions) and 1,801 batches of imported cosmetics from 41 countries (regions) were returned or destroyed. We have promoted digital documents and certificates and worked with foreign authorities in networked verification of e-certificates, with the goal of improving the efficiency of Customs clearance and reducing costs at ports.
China’s foreign trade has achieved a stable start this year. However, China is under growing pressure in ensuring stable performance in foreign trade due to various impacts from home and abroad. The CPC Committee of the General Administration of Customs of China will resolutely follow the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and keep innovating Customs control system, thus contributing to the overall development of foreign trade and setting the stage for the 20th National Congress of the CPC with outstanding achievements.
