湘西鳳凰，這裡山巒疊嶂、林谷深幽，層層疊疊的封火墻以及飛檐翹角，成了不一樣的風景線。

Fenghuang of western Hunan， where mountains rise and valleys descend into deep forests， is distinguished by its tiered firewalls and gabled roofs， creating a unique landscape．

湘西，位於湘鄂渝黔四省市的交界處，全稱為：湘西土家族苗族自治州，這裡是湖南省的最西部，也是湖南省內兩個最大的少數民族——土家族和苗族的聚居地。在湘西的北面就是聞名世界的張家界地貌，受其影響，湘西大部分也都是山區，境內山巒疊嶂、林谷深幽。然而雖地處山區，卻也有著非常豐富的水系資源和發達的水運系統。俗話説“一方水土養一方人”，在湘西這片具有濃厚神秘色彩的大地上，豐富的少數民族文化與漢文化産生了美妙的碰撞，讓這裡誕生了許多有民族特色的文人騷客和少數民族文化瑰寶。當然，在建築藝術方面也具有獨屬於自己的風格特徵，如今在湘西還能看見各種具有濃厚的民族文化特色的建築，例如：牌坊、石板屋、會館、擺手堂、文廟、吊腳樓等。

Xiangxi， located at the junction of Hunan， Hubei， Chongqing and Guizhou provinces， full name： Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture， which is the westernmost part of Hunan Province， is also the home of Tujia and Miao， the two largest ethnic minorities in Hunan Province． In the north of Xiangxi is the world－famous Zhangjiajie landform， affected by it， most of Xiangxi is also a mountainous area， the territory of mountains， deep forest valley． However， although it is located in the mountainous area， it also has very rich water resources and developed water transportation system． As the saying goes，”One side nourishes the other side”． On the land of western Hunan， which has a strong mysterious color， the rich minority culture and Han culture have a wonderful collision， so that many writers and poets with national characteristics and minority cultural treasures were born here． Of course， in the architectural art also has its own unique style characteristics， now in the west of Hunan can still see a variety of buildings with strong national cultural characteristics， such as： archway， SLATE house， guild hall， hand hall， Confucian temple， stilt house and so on．

地域環境和豐富的少數民族文化造就了鳳凰擁有濃厚的民族文化特色的傳統民居建築——吊腳樓。

The geographical environment and rich ethnic minority culture have given Fenghuang its traditional residential architecture with a strong ethnic cultural feature － the吊腳樓．

在湘西，得益於河流水系的發展，多數城鎮都是沿河流興建，並且依靠古代主要的貨物運輸方式——水運在河岸邊建有多個水陸碼頭，在城鎮中也建有會館來發展商業貿易。如遠近聞名的鳳凰古城就是依沱江而建，在臨江邊一長排的吊腳樓讓“鳳凰古城”的名片更為耀眼奪目。其實在鳳凰古城城墻外面有正常的連排的房屋，那為什麼還會在江面上建起“懸吊”水面上的房屋呢？當中國進入大一統時期後，社會生活已經穩定，所建的城墻已經失去了它的功能性作用，而對人們來説，住所當然要考慮生活的便利程度。男人經商要去河邊的運輸碼頭，女人去河邊用棒槌洗衣服，生活用水也要從河中取得，人們當然願意在河邊建房居住。然而由於城墻離河邊距離較近，沒有足夠的距離建造房屋，所以人們想出了一種半幹欄式民居建築——將房屋的一部分靠下部的支柱支撐從而懸空在河上。時過境遷，隨著河流生態環境的惡化、生活條件的改善、生活方式以及從事産業的轉變，傳統木質沿河吊腳樓的實質居住功能已經喪失，而作為具有美學意義的民居建築景觀，依然受到很多人喜歡，因此鳳凰古城就成了湘西的一張“旅遊名片”，推著湘西的經濟發展。

In western Hunan， thanks to the development of river system， most towns are built along the river， and rely on the ancient main mode of cargo transport － water transport， to build a number of water and land docks on the river bank， in the town also built a hall to develop commercial trade． For example， the famous ancient city of Phoenix is built according to the Tuojiang River， and a long row of stilted buildings beside the river makes the name card of”Phoenix Ancient City” more dazzling． In fact， there are normal rows of houses outside the city walls of the ancient city of Phoenix， so why would they build”suspended” houses on the river？ When China entered the period of great unity， social life had been stabilized， the walls built had lost their functional role， and for people， of course， the accommodation should consider the convenience of life． Men do business in the river to the transport dock， women go to the river to wash clothes with sticks， domestic water also to get from the river， of course， people are willing to build houses in the river． However， due to the close distance of the wall from the river， there was not enough distance to build houses， so people came up with a semi－columnar residential building － a part of the house is supported by the lower pillar and suspended over the river． With the passage of time， with the deterioration of the river ecological environment， the improvement of living conditions， the change of lifestyle and the transformation of engaging industries， the actual living function of the traditional wooden stilted houses along the river has been lost， but as a residential architecture landscape with aesthetic significance， it is still favored by many people． Therefore， the ancient city of Fenghuang has become a”tourism business card” in Xiangxi， pushing the economic development of Xiangxi．

鳳凰虹橋，一座古老的拱橋，同時也是一座廊橋，跨越了鳳凰的母親河——沱江，承擔了重要功能。

The Rainbow Bridge， an ancient arch bridge and covered bridge， spans the mother river of Fenghuang － Tuojiang， and serves an important function．

進入新時代，隨著人們生活方式及生活環境的轉變，傳統純木質結構的吊腳樓或許已經喪失了它的居住群體，所以數量變得少之又少，但是民族文化乃一民族發展之根基，是萬萬不能丟的。所以，將吊腳樓的建築元素融入現代房屋建築中，也就是人們常説的“新中式房屋”，這樣既保存了物質文化遺産，又保證了實用性。如今，在湘西任何一座縣城，你都能發現這樣的新中式房屋，他們同樣有著飛檐翹角，花窗修飾，讓你感受到吊腳樓的身影存在，只是它們用磚木共同搭建，結構更為堅固，它們或被用作住所，或被當作餐館、民宿，讓遊人走在街上就能感受到湘西的民族文化底蘊。

In the new era， with the change of people’s lifestyle and living environment， the traditional wooden structure of stilted buildings may have lost its residential groups， so the number has become very small， but the national culture is the foundation of national development， it is absolutely cannot be lost． Therefore， the architectural elements of stilted buildings are integrated into modern house construction， which is often referred to as”new Chinese house”， which not only preserves the material cultural heritage， but also ensures practicality． Nowadays， in any county town in Xiangxi， you can find such new Chinese houses， they also have cornices and high corners， decorated Windows， so that you feel the presence of the figure of the stilted buildings， but they are built with brick and wood together， the structure is more solid， they are used as a residence， or as a restaurant， homestays， so that visitors can feel the national culture of Xiangxi on the street．

走在古城的青石板上，慢品人間煙火，便是古城生活。

Walking on the cobblestone streets of the ancient city， slowly savoring the flavors of human life， is the life of the ancient city．

湘西地區的封火山墻有著濃濃的地域特色，造型上數量最多的是馬頭墻式樣。

The fire sealing gables in western Hunan have strong regional characteristics， and the largest number is the style of Matou wall．

吊瓜柱是穿鬥式結構中常見的建築構件，瓜柱下部懸空，底部也就被雕刻成各種花飾、圖案的樣子來裝點吊腳樓。

The melon column is a common building component in the structure of the pendant， the lower part of the melon column is suspended， and the bottom is carved into a variety of flowers and patterns to decorate the stilted building．

學校名稱：北京林業大學 

主創團隊：李嵐婭 

指導教師：孫兆昕