韋氏詞典新增250個詞彙 “韓式石鍋拌飯”、“物聯網”在列

    美國韋氏出版公司線上詞典網站近日增補約250個新詞及其釋義，涉及政治、科技、飲食等多個領域。一些新詞反映出傑出的科技和社會變革。

    最新增補的詞彙中有alt-right和troll兩個可以互補的詞彙，也是對邊緣運動走向主流的悲觀評論。

    "Alt-right" is defined as "a right-wing, primarily online political movement or grouping based in the US whose members reject mainstream conservative politics and espouse extremist beliefs and policies typically centered on ideas of white nationalism."
Alt-right指“立足於美國的一個右翼、以線上聯絡為主的政治運動或集合體。其成員拒絕主流保守政治、贊成極端主義者信念和政策，通常這種信念和政策以白人民族主義理念為核心”，即“另類右翼”。

    In this light, "troll" gets a new meaning: "to antagonize (others) online by deliberately posting inflammatory, irrelevant, or offensive comments or other disruptive content" and "to harass, criticize, or antagonize (someone) especially by provocatively disparaging or mocking public statements, postings, or acts."
就此而論，troll則有了新的含義：“蓄意線上發佈有煽動性，不相關或冒犯性評論，或其他破壞性內容來引起（其他人）對抗”，以及“通過煽動性誹謗或嘲笑公眾性言論、帖子或行為來妨礙、批評或引起（某些人）對抗”，即“網路噴子”。

    We also have "dog whistle" of canine origin, which, in a political context, gets the additional meaning: "an expression or statement that has a secondary meaning intended to be understood only by a particular group of people."
新增詞彙中還有與狗狗“同源”的“狗哨”一詞，“狗哨”在政治語境中有另一層含義：“一種表達或陳述，其言下之意只求某一特定人群理解。”

    Moving on to technology, Merriam-Webster finally takes on board two terms that have dominated headlines in the past few years.
再看看科技類新詞。韋氏詞典終於收錄了在過去幾年屢次霸佔頭條的兩個新詞。

    First, the "Internet of Things" or "IoT", defined as "the networking capability that allows information to be sent to and received from objects and devices (such as fixtures and kitchen appliances) using the Internet."
首先是“物聯網”，縮寫為IoT，意思是允許資訊通過網際網路在物體和設備間（比如通過固定裝置和廚房電器）發送和接收的網路性能。

    Then, the dictionary offers a definition of "ransomware" as "malware that requires the victim to pay a ransom to access encrypted file."
韋氏詞典給“勒索軟體”的定義是：“要求受害者交付贖金以訪問加密文件的惡意軟體。”

    There are also new business and sport terms that have been in use for a while, such as "onboarding" and "bunny." Now "Hive Mind," which started as a biological term to describe colonies of bees and ants, has evolved to define "the collective thoughts, ideas, and opinions of a group of people (such as Internet users) regarded as functioning together as a single mind."
新增詞彙中也有一些已經使用一段時間的商業和體育詞彙，比如“onboarding”（指新人入職後經歷的適應新環境的過程）和“bunny”（某項體育運動的愛好者）。現在又有了“蜂巢思維（Hive Mind）”，原本用於生物界，用來形容蜜蜂和螞蟻的聚居地，如今再添新意：指網民等人群的集體思想、觀念和意見被視為一個單一思想共同發揮作用。

    Let's get to a spicy conclusion with "sriracha," which is defined as "a pungent sauce that is made from hot peppers pureed with usually garlic, sugar, salt, and vinegar and that is typically used as a condiment."
讓我們以“是拉差辣椒醬”來做個麻辣小結。“是拉差辣椒醬”指的是“一種用辣椒製成的辣醬，通常會拌上蒜末、糖、鹽和醋，用來調味。”

    此次韋氏詞典還新增了“韓式石鍋拌飯”（bibimbap）、“凍酸奶”（froyo）等在美國流行的飲食詞彙。

    韋氏詞典副主編艾米麗-布魯斯特説：

    “Our job as lexicographers is to follow the development of language, defining the words people are likely to encounter. These new words have been added to the dictionary because they have established themselves in the English language, and are part of the current, active vocabulary of America.”
“作為詞典編纂者，我們的任務是緊跟語言發展，定義人們很可能遇到的詞彙。”這些新詞已經確定了自己在英語中的地位，成為美國當下活躍詞彙的一部分，因此被添加進來。”