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生態補償制度

2005年，中共十六屆五中全會首次提出，按照誰開發誰保護、誰受益誰補償的原則，加快建立生態補償機制。2013年，十八屆三中全會《決定》明確提出，實行生態補償制度。

廣義的生態補償有三類：一是對生態系統和自然資源保護所獲得效益的獎勵，二是對破壞生態系統和自然資源所造成損失的賠償，三是對造成環境污染者的收費。

中國政府將堅持誰污染環境、誰破壞生態誰付費和誰受益、誰補償原則，完善對重點生態功能區的生態補償機制，推動地區間建立橫向生態補償制度。

Eco-compensation system

It was decided for the first time, at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee in 2005, that a mechanism for eco-compensation should be established in line with the principle that whoever develops the environment must protect it, and whoever benefits from such development must pay any costs incurred. In the resolution adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in 2013, it was declared that China will establish an eco-compensation system.

In a broad sense, eco-compensation falls into three categories: rewards for protecting the ecosystems and natural resources, compensation for damaging the ecosystems and natural resources, and fees charged to those who pollute the environment.

China practices the policy that whoever pollutes or damages the environment must pay, and whoever profits from it must compensate. It will improve the mechanism of compensation for key ecological functional zones and promote the establishment of a parallel system of eco-compensation among regions.